Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms that are well adapted to desiccation/rehydration cycles. Over the last decades, the physiological background of their photosynthetic response—specifically activation of the protective mechanism during desiccation—has been studied at the level of photosystem II of the lichen photobiont by means of several biophysical methods. In our study, the effects of desiccation and low temperatures on chlorophyll fluorescence and spectral reflectance parameters were investigated in Antarctic chlorolichen Dermatocarpon polyphyllizum. Lichen thalli were collected from James Ross Island, Antarctica, and following transfer to a laboratory, samples were fully hydrated and exposed to desiccation at temperatures of 18, 10, and 4 °C. During the desiccation process, the relative water content (RWC) was measured gravimetrically and photosynthetic parameters related to the fast transient of chlorophyll fluorescence (OJIP) were measured repeatedly. Similarly, the change in spectral reflectance parameters (e.g., NDVI, PRI, G, NPCI) was monitored during thallus dehydration. The dehydration-response curves showed a decrease in a majority of the OJIP-derived parameters (e.g., maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry: FV/FM, and performance index: PI in D. polyphyllizum, which were more apparent at RWCs below 20%. The activation of protective mechanisms in severely dehydrated thalli was documented by increased thermal dissipation (DI0/RC) and its quantum yield (Phi_D0). Low temperature accelerated these processes. An analysis of the OJIP shape reveals the presence of K-bands (300 μs), and L-bands (80 μs), which can be attributed to dehydration-induced stress. Spectral reflectance indices decreased in a majority of cases with an RWC decrease and were positively related to the OJIP-derived parameters: FV/FM (capacity of photosynthetic processes in PSII), Phi_E0 (effectiveness of electron transport), and PI_tot (total performance index), which was more apparent in NDVI. A negative relation was found for NPCI. These indices could be used in follow-up ecophysiological photosynthetic studies of lichens that are undergoing rehydration/dehydration cycles.
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Abbreviations
- ChlF:
-
Chlorophyll fluorescence
- OJIP:
-
Fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction
- RWC:
-
Relative water content
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to CzechPolar-2 infrastructure (LM2015078) that enabled sample collection and handling. The experimental part of work has been done in the EEL laboratory (CzechPolar project infrastructure) and supported by the ECOPOLARIS project (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). DL was supported by ERDF (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000827).
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MBe, MBa, and PV designed the research, MBe conducted the experiments. MBe and PV analyzed the data, and PV made statistical analysis. MBe and MBa wrote the manuscript with review and substantial editing of DL. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.
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ESM 1
Fast chlorophyll fluorescence (OJIP) kinetics repeatedly measured during gradual desiccation at 18, 10, and 4 °C. The kinetics were double normalized to each sample’s lowest and highest value of ChlF. Supplementary file1 (TIF 3174 kb)
ESM 2
Statistical analysis of OJIP-derived parameters as affected by temperature (18, 10, and 4 °C) and desiccation (RWC – relative water content), evaluated with factorial analysis of variance with the software Dell Statistica ver. 13 (Dell Inc. Tulsa, USA). The significant differences between tested variants were evaluated by Tukey HSD range test at p<0.05 after normality of the data was verified and homogeneity of data variance was confirmed. Supplementary file2 (DOCX 14 kb)
ESM 3
Statistical analysis of spectral reflectance indices affected by temperature (18, 10, and 4 °C) and desiccation (RWC – relative water content), evaluated with factorial analysis of variance with the software Dell Statistica ver. 13 (Dell Inc. Tulsa, USA). The significant differences between tested variants were evaluated by Tukey HSD range test at p<0.05 after normality of the data was verified and homogeneity of data variance was confirmed. Supplementary file3 (DOCX 17 kb)
ESM 4
Pearson coefficients calculated for pairs of OJIP-derived parameters and spectral reflectance indices in 18, 10, and 4 °C with number of repetition (N) and p-value for analyzed group. The significant correlations are marked with asterisks (** for p < 0.005, * for p < 0.05, no asterisks for p > 0.05). Supplementary file4 (DOCX 17 kb)
ESM 5
OJIP-derived parameter FM/F0 of D. polyphyllizum samples measured at different temperatures during the desiccation. The data represent means of at least three replicates ± SD. Supplementary file5 (TIF 1496 kb)
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Bednaříková, M., Váczi, P., Lazár, D. et al. Photosynthetic performance of Antarctic lichen Dermatocarpon polyphyllizum when affected by desiccation and low temperatures. Photosynth Res 145, 159–177 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-020-00773-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-020-00773-4