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Exploring the secrets of hyphosphere of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: processes and ecological functions

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Abstract

Background

Most plants have a hyphosphere, the thin zone of soil around extraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which extends beyond the rhizosphere. This important interface has critical roles in plant mineral nutrition and water acquisition, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, mineral weathering, the formation of soil macroaggregates and aggregate stabilization, carbon (C) allocation to soils and interaction with soil microbes.

Scope

This review focuses on the hyphosphere of AM fungi and critically appraises the important findings related to the hyphosphere processes, including physical, chemical and biological properties and functions. We highlight ecological functions of AM fungal hyphae, which have profound impacts on global sustainability through biological cycling of nutrients, C sequestration in soil, release of greenhouse gas emissions from soil and the diversity and dynamics of the microbial community in the vicinity of the extraradical hyphae.

Conclusions

As a critical interface between AM fungi and soil, hyphosphere processes and their important ecological functions have begun to be understood and appreciated, and are now known to be implicit in important soil processes. Recent studies provide new insights into this crucial zone and highlight how the hyphosphere might be exploited as a nature-based solution, through understanding of interactions with the microbiome and the impacts on key processes governing resource availability, to increase sustainability of agriculture and minimize its environmental impact. Uncovering hyphosphere chemical and biological processes and their subsequent agricultural, ecological and environmental consequences is a critical research activity.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD190090104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1703232, 31872184) and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (222300420044). TS George contribution through The James Hutton Institute was supported by funds from the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division of the Scottish Government.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD190090104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1703232, 31872184) and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (222300420044). TS George contribution through The James Hutton Institute was supported by funds from the Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division of the Scottish Government.

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  1. Fei Wang and Lin Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Wang

  2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Wang, Lin Zhang, Jiachao Zhou & Gu Feng

  3. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia

    Zed Rengel

  4. Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000, Split, Croatia

    Zed Rengel

  5. The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK

    Timothy S. George

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GF, FW and LZ planned and designed the framework of this review. All authors performed literature search, analysis and writing. The first draft of the manuscript was written by FW and GF, and all authors wrote and commented on successive versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Wang, F., Zhang, L., Zhou, J. et al. Exploring the secrets of hyphosphere of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: processes and ecological functions. Plant Soil 481, 1–22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05621-z

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