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Waterlogging tolerance in barley is associated with faster aerenchyma formation in adventitious roots

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Abstract

Background and aims

Plant adaptation to waterlogged conditions requires a set of morphological and physiological/biochemical changes. The formation of aerenchyma is one of the most crucial adaptive traits for waterlogging tolerance. Enzymatic scavenging may also potentially contribute to waterlogging tolerance by providing detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Methods

Changes of root porosity (as an indicator of aerenchyma formation) and activities in leaves of four major antioxidant enzymes, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and lactic acid contents in roots were evaluated in six barley genotypes contrasting in waterlogging tolerance.

Results

Soil waterlogging caused significant increases in adventitious root porosity in all genotypes. Waterlogging-tolerant genotypes showed not only significantly higher adventitious root porosity than sensitive genotypes but also much faster development of aerenchyma. The greatest difference in adventitious root porosity among genotypes was observed after 7 days of waterlogging treatment. At the same time, antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves, GABA and lactic acid contents in roots did not correlate with waterlogging tolerance.

Conclusions

A faster formation of aerenchyma in adventitious roots is one of the key factors for waterlogging tolerance in barley. This protocol is recommended to be applied in future studies to identify molecular markers linked to this trait using appropriate mapping populations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Australian Research Council Linkage grant (project LP120200516) and the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) of Australia. We are also grateful to Dr Lukasz Kotula for his technical help in root porosity measurement and Professor Tim Colmer of The University of Western Australia for providing many useful suggestions on a draft of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS, 7249, Australia

    Xuechen Zhang, Sergey Shabala, Lana Shabala, Peter Johnson & Meixue Zhou

  2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Anthony Koutoulis

  3. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS, 7249, Australia

    Dane Hayes

  4. Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    David S. Nichols

  5. School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, People’s Republic of China

    Meixue Zhou

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  1. Xuechen Zhang
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Correspondence to Meixue Zhou.

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Table S1

Summary of two-factorial (days of measurement and genotypes) ANOVA analysis of changes in root porosity in brown sodosol soil. (DOC 36 kb)

Table S2

Correlation coefficients between waterlogging tolerance score and adventitious root porosity of waterlogging across 42 days waterlogging stress among six barley genotypes. Waterlogging tolerance score is based on plant healthiness score after 9 weeks waterlogging treatment in brown sodosol soil. (DOC 34 kb)

Figure S1

The appearance of two contrasting genotypes after 6 weeks waterlogging growing in brown sodosol soil: TAM407227 (waterlogging tolerance score = 9.5) and Franklin (waterlogging tolerance score = 1.5) (PDF 103 kb)

Figure S2

Adventitious root porosity of six different barley genotypes in aerobic conditions (potting mixture) after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days of three-leaf stage growing barley, the same period of growing stages with measuring adventitious root porosity under waterlogging conditions (Fig. 3). Values are the means ± standard deviations of 3 replicates. Each replicate represents only green leaves from 3 single plants growing in different tanks. (PDF 111 kb)

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Zhang, X., Shabala, S., Koutoulis, A. et al. Waterlogging tolerance in barley is associated with faster aerenchyma formation in adventitious roots. Plant Soil 394, 355–372 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2536-z

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