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Photosynthesis, antioxidant status and gas-exchange are altered by glyphosate application in peanut leaves

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

Glyphosate herbicide caused oxidative stress and exhibited negative effects on photosynthesis and gas exchange of peanut [Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Giza (G) 5 and 6] leaves. We demonstrated that glyphosate caused various morphological symptoms, such as chlorosis, yellowing, and appearance of curly edges in leaves treated with high doses of herbicide in both cultivars; however, the G5 cultivar was more sensitive and showed severer symptoms. Glyphosate lowered photosynthesis and reduced contents of pigments and proteins as well as free amino acids in both cultivars. The gas-exchange parameters, such as photosynthetic (P N) and transpiration rate (E), were highly altered by the glyphosate application. For example, P N and E were reduced by 65 and 61%, respectively, in G5 treated with high dose of glyphosate compared with control. Antioxidant enzymes, such as peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were induced by both low and high concentrations in the glyphosate-treated leaves. Moreover, the level of lipid peroxidation, indicated by a malondialdehyde content, as well as the hydrogen peroxide content increased in the glyphosate-treated leaves. However, an increase in total antioxidant activity was detected in leaves and this reflected changes in the antioxidant status and accumulation of antioxidants as a defense mechanism against glyphosate toxicity in peanut.

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Abbreviations

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

C i :

intercellular CO2 concentration

CAT:

catalase

DPPH:

1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

E :

transpiration rate

EPSPS:

5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase

g s :

stomatal conductance

MDA:

malondialdehyde

P N :

photosynthetic rate

POD:

peroxidase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

TAA:

total antioxidant activity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Physiology Laboratory, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt

    D. E. M. Radwan & K. A. Fayez

  2. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    D. E. M. Radwan

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  1. D. E. M. Radwan
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  2. K. A. Fayez
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Radwan, D.E.M., Fayez, K.A. Photosynthesis, antioxidant status and gas-exchange are altered by glyphosate application in peanut leaves. Photosynthetica 54, 307–316 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0075-3

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