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Mapping of quantitative trait loci for scab resistance in apple (Malus × domestica) variety, Shireen

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Abstract

Background

Scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. is the most important fungal disease of apple. Fungicide application is a widely practiced method of disease control. However, the use of chemicals is costintensive, tedious, and ecologically unsafe. The development of genetic resistance and the breeding of resistant cultivars is the most reliable and safest option. One such source of scab resistance happens to be the variety ‘Shireen’, released from SKUAST-Kashmir. However, to date, the nature of resistance and its genetic control have not been characterized. Objective This research aimed to elucidate the genetic basis of scab resistance in Shireen.

Methods

Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to apple scab disease was performed using an F1 cross developed between the susceptible cultivar ‘StarKrimson’ and the resistant cultivar ‘Shireen’. The population was evaluated for two consecutive years. Further, six candidate genes were analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR, to determine their expression level in response to the pathogen infestation.

Results

Genotyping and disease phenotyping of populations led us to identify two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely qRVI.SS-LG2.2019 and qRVI.SS-LG8.2019 on chromosomes 2 and 8 with LOD-values of 7.67 and 4.99 respectively, and six potential CDGs for the polygenic resistance in ‘Shireen’. The genomic region corresponding to the mapped QTLs in LG 2 and LG 8 of ‘Shireen’ was examined for candidate genes possibly related to scab resistance using in silico analysis.

Conclusion

The QTLs mapped in the genetic background of Shireen are the novel QTLs and may be transferred to desirable genetic backgrounds and provide opportunities for isolation and cloning of genes apart from their utility to achieve durable resistance to scab.

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Data availability

Data will be available on request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge funding support provided under Project No.BT/PR11412/BPA/118/47/2014 of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India.

Funding

This work was funding under Project No.BT/PR11412/BPA/118/47/2014 of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India

    Saba Mir, Aafreen Sakina & Khalid Z. Masoodi

  2. Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India

    Khalid M. Bhat

  3. Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India

    Bilal A. Padder & Zahoor Ahmad Bhat

  4. Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India

    Imtiyaz Murtaza

  5. Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India

    Nagina Nazir

  6. MRCFC, KhudwaniSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India

    Shabir H. Wani & Asif B. Shikari

Authors
  1. Saba Mir
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  2. Aafreen Sakina
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  3. Khalid Z. Masoodi
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  4. Khalid M. Bhat
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  5. Bilal A. Padder
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  6. Imtiyaz Murtaza
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  7. Nagina Nazir
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  8. Zahoor Ahmad Bhat
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  9. Shabir H. Wani
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  10. Asif B. Shikari
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Contributions

ABS and SM conceived and planned the experiments. ABS and SM Cconceptualized the research. SM, AS and ABS carried out the marker analysis. SM and ZAB carried out the disease phenotyping. SM and BAP maintained and prepared the cultures. ABS and NN helped to carry statistical analysis. KMB and IM were involved in development and maintenance of mapping population. SM, KZM, SHW and ABS did the data curation and expression analysis. SM and ABS wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shabir H. Wani or Asif B. Shikari.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Mir, S., Sakina, A., Masoodi, K.Z. et al. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for scab resistance in apple (Malus × domestica) variety, Shireen. Mol Biol Rep 49, 5555–5566 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07488-w

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