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Mitochondrial genes are involved in the fertility transformation of the thermosensitive male-sterile line YS3038 in wheat

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Abstract

Heterosis can improve the stress resistance, quality, and yield of crops, and the male sterility of wheat can be utilized to accelerate the breeding process of hybrid. To determine whether mitochondrial genes are involved in the fertility of K-type cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) line and the YS-type thermosensitive male-sterile (TMS) line in wheat, we sequenced and assembled the mitochondrial genomes of K519A, 519B, and YS3038 by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The non-synonymous mutations were analyzed, and the first-generation sequencing was conducted to verify the non-synonymous mutation sites. Furthermore, the expression patterns of genes with non-synonymous mutations were analyzed. Finally, the candidate genes were silenced by barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) to test the functions of the candidate genes. The results revealed that the mitochondrial genomes of K519A, 519B, and YS3038 were 420,543, 433,560, and 452,567 bp in length, respectively. Besides, 33, 31, and 37 protein-coding genes were identified in K519A, 519B, and YS3038, respectively. There were 14 protein-coding genes and 83 open reading frame (ORF) sequences that differed between K519A and 519B and 10 protein-coding genes and 122 ORF sequences that differed between K519A and YS3038. At the binucleate stage, seven genes (nad6, ORF256, ORF216, ORF138, atp6, nad3, and cox1) were downregulated in K519A compared with 519B, and 10 genes (nad6, atp6, cox3, atp8, nad3, cox1, rps3, ORF216, ORF138, and ORF224) were downregulated in YS3038 compared with K519A. Besides, six genes (nad6, ORF138, cox3, cox1, rps3, and ORF224) were downregulated under fertile conditions relative to sterile conditions in YS3038. Gene silencing analysis showed that the silencing of cox1 significantly reduced the seed setting rate of YS3038, indicating that the cox1 gene may be involved in the fertility transformation of YS3038.

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Data availability

The sequences of mitochondrial genomes have been deposited in the GenBank database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) and can be accessed by the accession number SUB8115657.

Abbreviations

CMS:

Cytoplasmic male sterility

FGS:

First-generation sequencing

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

TMS:

Thermosensitive male sterility

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Acknowledgements

We thank Biomarker Technologies (Beijing, China) for helping with transcriptome sequencing and technical assistance.

Funding

This word was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101602).

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  1. Yucui Han, Yujie Gao, Hao Zhou, and Xiaoguang Zhai contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Yucui Han, Yujie Gao, Hao Zhou, Xiaoguang Zhai & Lingjian Ma

  2. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, China

    Yucui Han

  3. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Qin Ding

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  1. Yucui Han
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Contributions

LM and QD designed and supervised the study and wrote the paper. YH planned and performed the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. YG performed the experiments and analyzed the data. HZ and XZ performed the experiments. All the authors revised and approved the final manuscript.

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Fig. S1.

Structural annotations of mitochondrial genome in K519A. The transcriptional direction of intra-annular genes is clockwise, while that of exocyclic genes is opposite. Different functional genes are color-coded. The built-in gray histogram shows the GC content of the genome, and the intermediate gray line is the 50% threshold line. (PDF 1469 KB)

Fig. S2.

Structural annotation of mitochondrial genome in 519B. The transcriptional direction of intra-annular genes is clockwise, while that of exocyclic genes is opposite. Different functional genes are color-coded. The built-in gray histogram shows the GC content of the genome, and the intermediate gray line is the 50% threshold line. (PDF 1468 KB)

Fig. S3.

Structural annotation of mitochondrial genome in YS3038. The transcriptional direction of intra-annular genes is clockwise, while that of exocyclic genes is opposite. Different functional genes are color-coded. The built-in gray histogram shows the GC content of the genome, and the intermediate gray line is the 50% threshold line. (PDF 2469 KB)

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Han, Y., Gao, Y., Zhou, H. et al. Mitochondrial genes are involved in the fertility transformation of the thermosensitive male-sterile line YS3038 in wheat. Mol Breeding 41, 61 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-021-01252-x

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