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Long non-coding RNAs in cancer: multifaceted roles and potential targets for immunotherapy

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Abstract

Cancer remains a major global health concern with high mortality rates mainly due to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of gene expression in human cancer, functioning through various mechanisms including as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and indirectly regulating miRNA expression. LncRNAs have been found to have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles in cancer, with the former promoting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and poor prognosis. Recent research has shown that lncRNAs are expressed in various immune cells and are involved in cancer cell immune escape and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, thus highlighting their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Targeting lncRNAs in cancer or immune cells could enhance the anti-tumor immune response and improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes. However, further research is required to fully understand the functional roles of lncRNAs in cancer and the immune system and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in human cancers, with a focus on their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying lncRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion, we provide insights into the diverse therapeutic applications of these molecules.

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  1. Lokesh K. Kadian and Deepika Verma have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India

    Lokesh K. Kadian, Deepika Verma, Neelam Lohani & Shyam S. Chauhan

  2. Dept of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA

    Lokesh K. Kadian

  3. Dept of Genetics, MD University, Rohtak, 124001, India

    Ritu Yadav & Shalu Ranga

  4. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Gulshan Gulshan

  5. Dept of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India

    Sanghapriya Pal

  6. Dept of Forensic Science, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India

    Kiran Kumari

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Contributions

The first draft of the manuscript was written by Lokesh K Kadian and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. The final manuscript was designed and prepared by Lokesh K Kadian, Deepika Verma, Neelam Lohani, and Shyam S Chauhan. Shalu Ranga and Ritu Yadav helped in drawing the table. Gulshan Gulshan and Sanghapriya Pal helped in reviewing and editing the manuscript. Kiran Kumari helped in the figure for manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shyam S. Chauhan.

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Kadian, L.K., Verma, D., Lohani, N. et al. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer: multifaceted roles and potential targets for immunotherapy. Mol Cell Biochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-024-04933-1

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