Abstract
The discovery of marine-derived compounds bloomed in recent years. Bioactive compounds can be extracted from marine creatures like seahorses, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae, or fishes. Numerous of these discovered compounds were proven with various therapeutic values, including antibacterial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Pardaxin is one of the recently discovered bioactive peptides with dual antibacterial and anticancer effects. Pardaxin is a 33-amino acid peptide that is secreted by the Red Sea Moses, Pardachirus marmoratus, solely for defensive purposes. This peptide was determined as a cationic peptide that held an alpha-helical structure, and it is believed that these two characteristics contributed to the anticancer potential of pardaxin. Therefore, this article reviews the anticancer properties of pardaxin in terms of its cancer-killing mechanisms such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cell lysis. Besides, we also reviewed other potent therapeutic applications of pardaxin, including the use of pardaxin as an immunotherapy agent, drug carrier, and in cancer vaccines. This review aims to encourage the use of pardaxin as an anticancer agent in the medicinal field.
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Abbreviations
- UNESCO:
-
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- ACE:
-
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- PI3K:
-
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Akt:
-
Protein kinase B
- TPA:
-
2-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- MMP:
-
Metalloproteinase
- NF:
-
Nuclear factor
- AR:
-
Androgen receptor
- AAPH:
-
2,2‐Azobis hydrochloride
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- mTOR:
-
Mammalian target of rapamycin
- ERK:
-
Extracellular-signal regulated kinase
- HA:
-
Hydroxyapatite
- T2DM:
-
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- POPC:
-
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
- DMPC:
-
Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
- POPE:
-
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine
- POPG:
-
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol
- MD:
-
Molecular dynamics
- DPPC:
-
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
- Bcl-2:
-
B-cell lymphoma 2
- UPR:
-
Unfolded protein response
- JNK:
-
C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- PERK:
-
Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- eIF2a:
-
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2
- CHOP:
-
C/EBP homologous protein
- AIF:
-
Apoptosis-inducing factor
- RhoGDI:
-
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor
- LC:
-
Light chain
- AVO:
-
acidic vesicular organelle
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- DC:
-
Dendritic cell
- MHC:
-
Major histocompatibility complex
- NO:
-
Nitric monoxide
- MCP-1:
-
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- NK:
-
Natural killer
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- PLA2:
-
Phospholipase A2
- HT:
-
5-Hydroxytryptamine
- Na + :
-
Sodium ion
- K + :
-
Potassium ion
- ATPase:
-
Adenosine triphosphatase
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Taylor’s University through its TAYLOR’S RESEARCH SCHOLARSHIP Programme.
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This study was partially supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2020/STG03/TAYLOR/03/1), Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education and Memory Cards Sdn Bhd (Grant number: MEMORYCARDS/2021/SBS/001).
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Wong, Y.H., Wong, S.R. & Lee, S.H. The Therapeutic Anticancer Potential of Marine-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Highlight on Pardaxin. Int J Pept Res Ther 29, 90 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-023-10562-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-023-10562-x