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Review on various types of battery thermal management systems

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Abstract

In today’s competitive electric vehicle (EV) market, battery thermal management system (BTMS) designs are aimed toward operating batteries at optimal temperature range during charging and discharging process and meet promised performance and lifespan with zero tolerance on safety. As batteries primary function is to provide electrical power to operate electrical motors, it should possess inbuilt functions such as heating, cooling, insulation and ventilation to survive and emerge among competitors. This literature reviews various methods of cooling battery systems and necessity of thermal management of batteries for electric vehicle. Recent publications were summarized starting with conventional air cooling, liquid cooling and hybrid cooling which includes advanced phase change materials (PCM) and heat pipes. Also, eleven review articles were classified and reviewed in respective cooling strategies. In addition, experimental and numerical studies with flow path and geometrical optimization which enhances battery performance is given priority with key performance metrics or battery state of health (SOH) parameters such as reduction of maximum temperature (Tmax) and temperature difference among individual cells (ΔT) were explained in detail. Research gaps identified have been described in detail which will be eyeopener among research community and industry. Having a primary refrigerated liquid cooling system along with nanofluid-enhanced heat pipes as secondary cooling would be the most efficient way of cooling as both cabin and battery optimal operating temperature requirements fall in same range.

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Acknowledgements

We greatly acknowledge Er. K. Dhayanidhi, Principal Engineer—R&D, ESAB India Limited, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600058 for his valuable inputs, sincere efforts cum assistance during revision, and knowledge sharing in industrial, research and development perspectives. We greatly acknowledge Dr. Piramanandhan Marimuthu, Senior Engineering Manager, ESD, ESAB India Limited, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai, and Tamil Nadu 600058 for his valuable inputs and knowledge sharing in industrial perspectives. We sincerely acknowledge SRM institute of Science and Technology for accessing digital resource facilities which allowed us to explore this review topic and made this compilation successful.

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  1. Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India

    Varun Kumar Lakhotia

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India

    Rajendran Senthil Kumar

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  1. Varun Kumar Lakhotia
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Correspondence to Rajendran Senthil Kumar.

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Lakhotia, V.K., Senthil Kumar, R. Review on various types of battery thermal management systems. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 12335–12368 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12561-y

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