Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Some physicochemical studies on organic eutectics and inter-molecular compounds

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Phase diagrams of o-phenylenediamine (OPDA)–N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) and salicylamide (SAM)–m-nitro benzoic acid (NBA) systems, determined by the thaw-melt method, show the formation of two eutectics and one inter-molecular compound (IMC) in each case. These inter-molecular compounds were synthesized by the solvent-free method involving thermally initiated molten state reactions. Their characterization by the IR and the 1H NMR techniques suggest the formation of a new compound. Absorption spectrum of IMC of OPDA–DMAB system shows band at 245 nm due to the π → π* transition and another broad band observed from 280 to 440 nm is attributed to the n → π* transition. Their IMC shows fluorescence at 388 nm with a Stokes shift (93 nm) and quantum efficiency (0.0032) upon excitation at 350 nm in ethyl alcohol. Emission and absorption were observed in case of SAM–NBA system too. While the values of enthalpy and entropy of fusion of inter-molecular compound in case of OPDA–DMAB are 23.58 kJ mol−1 and 57.20 J mol−1, respectively, in the case of SAM–NBA system the corresponding values are 69.50 kJ mol−1 and 170.00 J mol−1. The values of interfacial energy in case of OPDA–DMAB and SAM–NBA inter-molecular compounds are 37.84 × 10−3 and 40.39 × 10−3 J m−2, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chen M, Ma P. Solid–liquid equilibria of several systems containing acetic acid. J Chem Eng Data. 2004;49:756–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Boettinger WJ, Coriell SR, Greer AL, Kerma A, Kurz W, Rappaz M, Trivedi R. Solidification microstructures: recent developments, future directions. Acta Mater. 2000;48:43–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rudrakshi GB, Pathak JP, Ojha SN. Processing characteristics of liquid immiscible alloys based on Al-Pb system. Indian Foundry J. 2002;48:17–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Elliott R. Eutectic solidification processing. London: Butterworths; 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Herlach DM, Cochrane RF, Egry I, Fecht HJ, Greer AL. Containerless processing in the study of metallic melts and their solidification. Int Mater Rev. 1993;38:273–347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Majumdar B, Chattopadhyay K. Aligned monotectic growth in unidirectionally solidified Zn-Bi alloys. Metall Mater Trans. 2000;31(7):1833–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Predel B. Constitution and thermodynamics of monotectic alloys—a survey. J Phase Equilib. 1997;18:327–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rai US, Singh M. An overview of the progress in solidification of binary monotectics. J Mater Chem Eng. 2013;1:75–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rai RN, Reddi RSB, Rai US, Developments and future directions of phase diagram, physicochemical and optical studies of binary organic complexes. 2013;59:73–111.

  10. Rice JW, Fu J, Suuberg EM. Anthracene + Pyrene solid mixtures: eutectic and azeotropic character. J Chem Eng Data. 2010;55(9):3598–605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Asta M, Beckermann C, Karma A, Kurz W, Napolitano R, Plapp M, Purdy G, Rappaz M, Trivedi R. Solidification microstructures and solid-state parallels: recent developments, future directions. Acta Mater. 2009;57:941–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Singh J, Singh NB. Solidification and thermodynamic parameters of binary faceted organic alloys: picricacid-resorcinol system. J Cryst Growth. 2015;424:14–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Parimaladevi P, Kavitha C, Srinivasan K. Investigation of the effect of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) on nucleation and different growth stages of vanillin and bulk growth of defect-free single crystals from aqueous solution—a new approach. CrystEngComm. 2014;16:2565–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rai RN, Ramasamy P, Lan CW. Synthesis and crystal growth of binary organic NLO material UNBA. J Cryst Growth. 2002;235:499–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rai RN, Lan CW. Crystal structure and properties of new organic nonlinear optical material. J Mater Res. 2002;17(7):1587–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dean JA. Lange’s handbook of chemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Singh M, Pandey P, Rai RN, Rai US. Solid–liquid equilibrium, thermal, and physicochemical studies on salicylamide–4-nitrophenol and 2-cyanoacetamide–4-aminoacetophenone organic eutectic systems. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013;113:977–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rai RN, Varma KBR. Phase diagram and dielectric studies of binary organic materials. Mater Lett. 2000;44:284–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rajkumar M, Synthesis A. growth, structural, optical, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of hydrogen bonded organic salt crystal: triethylammonium-3,5-dinitrosalicylate. J Mol Struct. 2017;1134:762–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Singh M, Rai RN, Rai US. Synthesis, crystal growth and physicochemical studies on a novel organic inter-molecular compound; 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and salicylamide system. J Crystal Growth. 2015;419:114–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sharma KP, Rai RN. Synthesis and characterization of novel binary organic monotectic and eutectic alloys. Thermochim Acta. 2012;535:66–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Singh NB, Das SS, Singh NP, Agrawal Tanvi. Computer simulation, thermodynamic and microstructural studies of benzamide–benzoic acid eutectic system. J Cryst Growth. 2008;310:2878–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Singh M, Rai RN, Rai US. Some physicochemical and thermal studies on organic analog of a nonmetal-nonmetal monotectic alloy; 2-cyanoacetamide–4-chloronitrobenzene system. Am J Anal Chem. 2011;2:953–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Singh J, Singh NB. Solidification and computational analysis of o-nitroaniline–a-naphthol eutectic system. Fluid Phase Equilib. 2015;386:168–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dwivedi Y, Kant S, Rai SB, Rai RN. Synthesis, physicochemical and optical characterization of novel fluorescing complex: o-phenylenediamine—Benzoin. J Flour. 2011;21:1255–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Li X-G, Wang H-Y, Huang M-R. Synthesis, film-forming, and electronic properties of o-phenylenediamine copolymers displaying an uncommon tricolor. Macromolecules. 2007;40(5):1489–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bani-Yaseen AD, Hammad F, Ghanem BS, Mohammad EG. On the photophysicochemical properties of selected fluoroquinolones: solvatochromic and fluorescence spectroscopy study. J Fluoresc. 2013;23:93–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We wish to express our thanks to the Head, Chemistry Department, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    U. S. Rai, Manjeet Singh & R. N. Rai

Authors
  1. U. S. Rai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manjeet Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. N. Rai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to U. S. Rai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rai, U.S., Singh, M. & Rai, R.N. Some physicochemical studies on organic eutectics and inter-molecular compounds. J Therm Anal Calorim 130, 967–974 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6429-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6429-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation