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Co-existence of Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Properties of Bi+3 Substituted M-type Barium Hexaferrites

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Abstract

Co-existence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic nature in bismuth substituted M-type barium hexaferrites has been investigated in this current project. A series of samples with formula BaBixFe(12-x) (where x varies from 0.2 to 1.2 with step size of 0.2) have been prepared by conventional powder metallurgy route. The structural, functional group analysis, surface morphology, optical, dielectric, ferroelectric, and ferromagnetic properties of samples are characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), LCR meter, ZT-IA, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) respectively. XRD and FTIR confirm the single phase of hexagonal structure of bismuth doped M-type barium hexaferrite. The platelet like structures is observed on the surface of the samples. The optical band gap energy decreases due to the formation of intermediate states between the valence and conduction bands as the concentration of Bi ions increases. The variation in dielectric constant and ac conductivity depends upon the frequency of the applied field as well as the composition of the samples. P-E loop shows clear ferroelectric behavior. The maximum saturation polarization of 5.42 μC/cm2 is observed. The presence of FeO6 octahedron at three (12 k, 2a, and 4f2) crystallographic sites in the hexagonal unit cell is the origin of induced polarization. Magnetic properties reveal the strong ferromagnetism of bismuth doped M-type barium hexaferrite at room temperature.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Fatima Sehar & Safia Anjum

  2. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Zeeshan Mustafa

  3. Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Zeeshan Mustafa

  4. Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

    Shahid Atiq

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  1. Fatima Sehar
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Sehar, F., Anjum, S., Mustafa, Z. et al. Co-existence of Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Properties of Bi+3 Substituted M-type Barium Hexaferrites. J Supercond Nov Magn 33, 2073–2086 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05452-y

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