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Surface modification of titanium dioxide

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Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most widely used metal dioxides for applications such as semiconductors, photocatalysts, pigments, pharmaceutical excipients, and antimicrobials. Applications of TiO2 are increasing over time, and new properties are being added as it becomes available in nanometric size. This review presents the challenges and the advances in the use of surface-modified TiO2 in various fields: as a photocatalyst and catalyst focusing on environmental remediation of wastewater, its role in solar cells, in biomedical and antimicrobial applications, its role in various composites, especially textile fibers, and finally as a polymer filler in multiple matrices. All the advances discussed here are primarily concerned with how titanium dioxide crystals can be surface modified at the new properties that can be achieved, considering the advantages and drawbacks of every modification discussed here.

Graphical abstract

Surface modification of TiO2 and its use as A) complexes for biomedical applications, B) photocatalyst, C) substrate in solar cells, and D) drug delivery systems

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for the facilities derived from the project CF-2019-265239.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico Biomimic, Campus III, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Tushar Janardan Pawar & José Luis Olivares Romero

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico

    David Contreras López

  3. Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico

    Javier Vallejo Montesinos

Authors
  1. Tushar Janardan Pawar
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  2. David Contreras López
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  3. José Luis Olivares Romero
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  4. Javier Vallejo Montesinos
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Contributions

TJP: Professor Pawar elaborated some of the images, and performed the elaboration of the Sect. 2 and 4. DCL: Professor Contreras was in charge of Sect. 6 and aided in Sect. 5. JLOR: Professor Olivares elaborated the Sect. 2 and aided in Sect. 5. JVM: Professor Vallejo elaborated Sect. 3, some of the images, Sect. 1, Sect. 5 and Sect. 4. Also, aided the other professor in their respecting sections.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to David Contreras López or Javier Vallejo Montesinos.

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During the elaboration of this manuscript any kind of experiment that involved human tissues was not made.

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Pawar, T.J., Contreras López, D., Olivares Romero, J.L. et al. Surface modification of titanium dioxide. J Mater Sci 58, 6887–6930 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08439-x

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