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A Comparative Study of PEGylated Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) and Cobalt Sulfide Nanoparticles (Co9S8-NPs) for Biological and Photocatalytic Applications

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Abstract

Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) and cobalt sulfide nanoparticles (Co9S8-NPs) have shown extensive potential in electrochemical sensing, catalysis, specific drug targeting, and resonance imaging. However, Co9S8-NPs have been rarely explored for biomedical applications as compared to their oxide counterparts. Thus, in the current study, biocompatible PEGylated Co9S8-NPs and Co3O4-NPs are explored and compared for biological and photocatalytic properties. PEGylation of both the NPs is achieved using a simple chemical co-precipitation method followed by characterization using UV visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and pH-responsive dispersion study. After thorough characterization, the NPs are evaluated and compared for various biological applications including antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, antioxidant, and biocompatibility as well as photo-catalytic dye degradation studies. Both the NPs have shown excellent biological applications; however, Co9S8-NPs exhibit comparatively better antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties except antileishmanial potential where Co3O4-NPs show slight superiority. Furthermore, Co3O4-NPs indicate a higher degradation potential of methylene blue (MB) up to 46.93%. In comparison, Co9S8-NPs have a degradation ability of up to 42%, at 20 mg/ml within 3 h, which indicates considerable remediation potential of the NPs. Interestingly, both the NPs exhibit non-hemolytic behavior, thus demonstrating a compatible and bio-safe nature of both the NPs.

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  1. The authors Muhammad Usman Zahid and Muhammad Aslam Khan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University (IIU), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Usman Zahid, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Uzair Ahmad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Syed Ali Imran Bokhari

  2. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Hanan Abdulaziz Alismail

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Irshad Khan

  4. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Soliman Elshikh

  5. Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, Republic of Korea

    Junaid Ihsan

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Zahid, M.U., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, U. et al. A Comparative Study of PEGylated Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) and Cobalt Sulfide Nanoparticles (Co9S8-NPs) for Biological and Photocatalytic Applications. BioNanoSci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-024-01322-2

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