Abstract
Schizopygopsis pylzovi, an endemic fish of the subfamily Schizothoracinae, is comparatively well adapted to dissolved oxygen fluctuations in the aqueous environments of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Here, we cloned the complete cDNA of cytoglobin 1 and 2 (Cygb1 and Cygb2) from S. pylzovi and then investigated transcriptional changes of both genes in the selected tissues in response to hypoxia. Both the two genes had the standard exon-intron structure of vertebrate Mb genes but lacked an exon at downstream of the H helix (HC11.2) as seen in mammals. We applied severe hypoxia (4 h at PO2 = 3.6% saturation) and moderate hypoxia (72 h at PO2 = 36.0% saturation) to adult S. pylzovi. Under severe hypoxia, the Cygb1 mRNA levels decreased significantly in the liver, kidney, and brain, but increased significantly in the heart, while the Cygb2 mRNA levels downregulated significantly in the muscle and liver. But, the transcriptional activity of Cygb1 in muscle and that of Cygb2 in the kidney, brain, and heart remained almost unchanged. Under moderate hypoxia, the transcriptional activities of both genes in muscle and brain were turned down quickly after onset hypoxia, while in the liver, kidney, and heart, the transcriptional activities of both genes showed a short-term upregulation in different time periods of hypoxia exposure. Our data suggest that both the Cygb1 and Cygb2 in S. pylzovi are hypoxia-induced genes, and the responses of the transcription regulation of Cygb1 and Cygb2 genes to hypoxia are tissue specific and also depend on the hypoxia regime, which are different from that of other fish species.
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Acknowledgments
The authors take the opportunity to give special thanks to Dr. Ian Mather for editing the manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31460094) and the Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Science & Technology Department in China (No. 2015-ZJ-901).
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Fig. S1
Expressions of β-actin and GAPDH mRNA in different tissues of S. pylzovi under normoxia and severe hypoxia. A, β-actin expression under normoxia; B, β-actin expression under severe hypoxia; C, GAPDH expression under normoxia; D, GAPDH expression under severe hypoxia. (PNG 509 kb)
Fig. S2
The full length Cygb1 cDNA of S. pylzovi and the deduced amino acid sequence. The start codon ATG and termination codon TGA are underlined. Globin domain is in green shadow. (PNG 772 kb)
Fig. S3
The full length Cygb2 cDNA of S. pylzovi and the deduced amino acid sequence. The start codon ATG and termination codon TGA are underlined. Globin domain is in green shadow. (PNG 738 kb)
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Chao, Y., Xia, M., Wu, R. et al. Molecular characterization and expression changes of cytoglobin genes in response to hypoxia in a Tibetan schizothoracine fish, Schizopygopsis pylzovi. Fish Physiol Biochem 45, 863–872 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-018-0582-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-018-0582-1