Abstract
This paper proposes and demonstrates a two-layer depth-averaged model with non-hydrostatic pressure correction to simulate landslide-generated waves. Landslide (lower layer) and water (upper layer) motions are governed by the general shallow water equations derived from mass and momentum conservation laws. The landslide motion and wave generation/propagation are separately formulated, but they form a coupled system. Our model combines some features of the landslide analysis model DAN3D and the tsunami analysis model COMCOT and adds a non-hydrostatic pressure correction. We use the new model to simulate a 2007 rock avalanche-generated wave event at Chehalis Lake, British Columbia, Canada. The model results match both the observed distribution of the rock avalanche deposit in the lake and the wave run-up trimline along the shoreline. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate the importance of accounting for the non-hydrostatic dynamic pressure at the landslide-water interface, as well as the influence of the internal strength of the landslide on the size of the generated waves. Finally, we compare the numerical results of landslide-generated waves simulated with frictional and Voellmy rheologies. Similar maximum wave run-ups can be obtained using the two different rheologies, but the frictional model better reproduces the known limit of the rock avalanche deposit and is thus considered to yield the best overall results in this particular case.
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge Martin Lawrence and John Psutka of the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (BC Hydro) for granting access for data collected at Chehalis Lake. The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant No. 11732008) and the Innovation Team Project of Yunnan Province. Pengfei Si's stay at the University of British Columbia was supported by a Tsinghua University Scholarship. Jordan Aaron's research is supported by a Graduate Scholarship provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
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Si, P., Aaron, J., McDougall, S. et al. A non-hydrostatic model for the numerical study of landslide-generated waves. Landslides 15, 711–726 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0891-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0891-y