Abstract
Knowing the physical properties of biological products is of great importance in terms of developing harvesting technologies, innovating crop processing technologies and determining product drying properties. The aim of this study was to determine the dimensional and shape attributes of two different cherry types (‘10-5’ and ‘10-22’) and six different cherry varieties (‘Ferbolus Verdel’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Merton Late’, ‘Noir de Guben’, ‘Starks Gold’ and ‘Telegal’) and to put forth the differences and similarities of cherry varieties. For dimensional parameters, the greatest averages were observed in ‘10-22’ type and smallest averages were observed in ‘Telegal’ variety. Dimension properties of ‘Merton Late’, ‘Noir de Guben’ and ‘Starks Gold’ varieties were similar. ‘Telegal’ variety had the greatest sphericity value with an average of 89.48%. The sphericity decreased as the shape index increased. Accordingly, the greatest shape index was observed in ‘Starks Gold’ and ‘Merton Late’ varieties. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components explained 98.0% of total variation in dimensional and shape attributes. PC1, PC2 and PC3 explained respectively 67.0%, 19.6% and 11.4% of total variance. PC1 included dimensional parameters, PC2 included sphericity, shape index and shape attributes at vertical orientation, and PC3 included shape attributes at horizontal orientation. Scatter plots were generated by using the factor loads of the first three principal components and dimensional and shape differences between the cherry varieties were clearly observed. In this study, the elliptical Fourier analysis was performed for the closed contour of the cherry varieties and discriminant scores were determined to put forth the differences of cherry varieties. The first three components explained 76.8% of total variation. Cavity or single-sided hill formation at stalk section constituted the greatest source of variance.
For shape similarity, elliptic Fourier analysis revealed three groups with a high similarity. The 1st group included ‘Telegal’ and ‘10-22’; the 2nd group included ‘Noir de Guben’ and ‘Lapins’ and the 3rd group included ‘Merton Late’, ‘Ferbolus Verdel’, ‘Starks Gold’ and ‘10-5’ varieties. In this study, the dimensional and shape descriptors of eight different cherry varieties were determined and their physical properties were compared. Furthermore, elliptic Fourier analysis method was successfully used to put forth the differences in shape of cherry varieties.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antonucci F, Costa C, Pallottino F, Paglia G, Rimatori V, De Giorgio D, Menesatti P (2012) Quantitative method for shape description of almond cultivars (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). Food Bioprocess Technol 58(2):768–785
Beyer M, Hahn R, Peschel S, Harz M, Knoche M (2002) Analysing fruit shape in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Sci Hortic 96:139–150
Cope JS, Corney D, Clark JY, Remagnino P, Wilkin P (2012) Plant species identification using digital morphometrics: a review. Expert Syst Appl 39:7562–7573
Costa C, Antonucci F, Pallottino F, Aguzzi J, Sun DW, Menesatti P (2011) Shape analysis of agricultural products: a review of recent research advances and potential application to computer vision. Food Bioprocess Technol 4(5):673–692
Costa C, Menesatti P, Paglia G, Pallottino F, Aguzzi J, Rimatori V, Russo G, Recupero S, Recupero GR (2009) Quantitative evaluation of Tarocco sweet orange fruit shape using optoelectronic Elliptic Fourier based analysis. Postharvest Biol Technol 54(1):38–47
Currie AJ, Ganeshanandam S, Noiton DA, Garrick D, Shelbourne CJA, Orgaguzie N (2000) Quantitative evaluation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit shape by principal component analysis of Fourier descriptors. Euphytica 111:219–227
Demandante J, Demandante L, Amamio V, Requieron EA (2014) Application of Elliptic Fourier analysis in sex identification of Carica papaya Linnaeus (1753) based on leaf shape morphology. J Agric Sci Res 2(2):6–12
Demir B, Sayıncı B, Çetin N, Yaman M, Çömlek R (2019) Shape discrimination of almond cultivars by elliptic fourier descriptors. Erwerbs-Obstbau 61(3):245–256
Demir B, Sayıncı B, Çetin N, Yaman M, Çömlek R, Aydın Y, Sütyemez M (2018) Elliptic Fourier based analysis and multivariate approaches for size and shape distinctions of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Grasas Y Aceites 69(4):1–12
Du JX, Wang XF, Zhang GJ (2007) Leaf shape based plant species recognition. Appl Math Comput 185:883–893
FAO (2017) Production crops. Online FAO statistics. http://www.fao.org/statistics. Accessed 20 Mar 2019
Iwata H, Ukai Y (2002) SHAPE: a computer program package for quantitative evaluation of biological shapes based on elliptic Fourier descriptors. J Hered 93:384–385
Kara M (2017) Biyolojik Ürünlerin Fiziksel Ürünleri (Tarımsal Ürün ve Gıdaları İçerir). Güven® Bilimsel, İzmir. ISBN 9789756240564 (Türkiye)
KOP (2020) Producer Guide: Cheery. T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı, Konya Ovası Projesi (KOP) Bölge Kalkınma İdaresi Başkanlığı. http://www.kop.gov.tr/sayfalar/raporlar/77. Accessed 10 Jan 2020
Mebatsion HK, Paliwal J, Jayas DS (2012a) Evaluation of variations in the shape of grain types using principal components analysis of the Elliptic Fourier descriptors. Comput Electron Agric 80:63–70
Mebatsion HK, Paliwal J, Jayas DS (2012b) A novel, invariant Elliptic Fourier coefficient based classification of cereal grains. Biosyst Eng 111:422–428
Menesatti P, Costa C, Paglia G, Pallottino F, D’Andrea S, Rimatori V, Aguzzi J (2008) Shape-based methodology for multivariate discrimination among Italia hazelnut cultivars. Biosyst Eng 101:417–424
Naderiboldaji M, Khadivi Khub A, Tabatabaeefar A, Ghasemi Varnamkhasti M, Zamani Z (2008) Some physical properties of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit. Am Eur J Agric Environ Sci 3(4):513–520
Özkan-Koca A (2012) Ortadoğu’da yayılış gösteren Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) alt türlerinin geometrik morfometri yöntemiyle analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı (Doktora Tezi), Ankara
Rohlf FJ, Archie JW (1984) A comparison of Fourier methods for the description of wing shape in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Syst Zool 33(3):302–317
Sayıncı B, Ercişli S, Akbulut M, Şavşatlı Y, Baykal H (2015a) Determination of shape in fruits of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) accessions by using elliptic Fourier analysis. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus 14(1):63–82
Sayıncı B, Kara M, Ercişli S, Duyar Ö, Ertürk Y (2015b) Elliptic Fourier analysis for shape distinction of Turkish hazelnut cultivars. Erwerbs-Obstbau 57(1):1–11
Soares MLC, Mayo SJ, Gribel R, Kirkup D (2011) Elliptic Fourier analysis of leaf outlines in five species of Heteropsis (Araceae) from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Kew Bull 66:1–8
Acknowledgements
This study is a part of S. Elkıran’s Master Thesis. The authors are grateful to Yalova Horticultural Research Institute for providing Cherry samples.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
B. Demir, B. Sayıncı and S. Elkıran declare that they have no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Demir, B., Sayıncı, B. & Elkıran, S. Physical characteristics of cherry (Prunus avium) varieties and shape analysis with the elliptic Fourier method. Erwerbs-Obstbau 64, 171–181 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00637-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00637-2