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Shape Discrimination of Almond Cultivars by Elliptic Fourier Descriptors

Unterscheidung der Fruchtform von verschiedenen Mandelsorten mit Hilfe von elliptischen Fourier-Deskriptoren

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Abstract

Knowledge is required about shape and size features of almonds before the design of machines, equipment and systems used in harvest and postharvest processes such as classifying, drying, packaging, grading, transportation and quality assessments of almonds. Such attributes are also required for assessing consumer preferences, cultivar registration, security of plant variety rights, investigating heritability and analyzing shape abnormalities. In present study, seven almond cultivars (‘Bertina’, ‘Ferragnes’, ‘Ferradual’, ‘Ferrostar’, ‘Glorieta’, ‘Lauranne’ and ‘Marta’) grown in Turkey were used in order to determine the longitudinal, surface and gravitational features and to compare their shapes with elliptic Fourier descriptors. ‘Bertina’, ‘Glorieta’ and ‘Ferragnes’ had the greatest longitudinal, surface and gravitational averages. ‘Marta’ cultivars had the lowest averages in all parameters except for mass, thickness and projected area in suture orientation. Among the almond cultivars, ‘Lauranne’ and ‘Ferrostar’ had the lowest mass and thickness averages. Sphericity averages varied between 60.6–71.6% with the greatest value in ‘Ferradual’ cultivar. Among the cultivars again, ‘Ferrostar’ had the greatest elongation, roundness and aspect ratio averages. In terms of the nut shape, elliptic Fourier descriptors revealed that the greatest difference was observed in width dimension in horizontal orientation and thickness dimension in suture orientation. MANOVA results revealed that almond cultivars were significantly different from each other in terms of the nut shape. The results of the Bonferroni pairwise comparison test revealed that all almond cultivars was different in shape.

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Abbreviations

M:

mass, g

V:

volume, mm3

PAH :

projected area at horizontal orientation, mm2

PAS :

projected area at suture orientation, mm2

SA:

surface area, mm2

Dg :

geometric mean diameter, mm

L:

length, mm

W:

width, mm

T:

thickness, mm

P:

perimeter, mm

φ:

sphericity, %

SI:

shape index

ARH :

aspect ratio at horizontal orientation

ARS :

aspect ratio at suture orientation

EH :

elongation at horizontal orientation

ES :

elongation at suture orientation

RH :

roundness at horizontal orientation

RS :

roundness at suture orientation

ElH :

ellipticity at horizontal orientation

ElS :

ellipticity at suture orientation

R1 :

min radius at horizontal orientation, mm

R2 :

max radius at horiz.or suture orient., mm

R3 :

min radius at suture orientation, mm

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Metal Technologies, Çiftlikköy Campus, Mersin University, 33343, Yenişehir/Mersin, Turkey

    Bünyamin Demir

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Bahadır Sayinci & Ruçhan Çömlek

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystem Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey

    Necati Çetin

  4. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey

    Mehmet Yaman

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  1. Bünyamin Demir
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  2. Bahadır Sayinci
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  3. Necati Çetin
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Correspondence to Bünyamin Demir.

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B. Demir, B. Sayinci, N. Çetin, M. Yaman and R. Çömlek declare that they have no competing interests.

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Demir, B., Sayinci, B., Çetin, N. et al. Shape Discrimination of Almond Cultivars by Elliptic Fourier Descriptors. Erwerbs-Obstbau 61, 245–256 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-019-00423-7

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