Abstract
The third-generation BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) has provided worldwide positioning, navigation and timing since July 2020. BDS-3 is compatible with the previous B1I and B3I signals of BDS-2 and transmits the new signals of B1C, B2a and B2b. In this study, BDS-2/BDS-3 combined precise point positioning (PPP) models with B1I, B2I, B3I, B1C and B2a five-frequency observations are established, including dual-frequency (DF), triple-frequency (TF) and quad-frequency (QF) ionospheric-free (IF) combination PPP models. The proposed BDS-2/BDS-3 combined PPP models time transfer performance using four links (1331.6 km to 9501.9 km) formed from five external high-precision hydrogen clock stations. The experimental results demonstrated that compared with traditional DF1 (B1I/B3I) IF PPP solutions, the positioning accuracies of TF and QF PPP solutions are improved by 7% and 25% on average, respectively. However, the time transfer performances of TF and QF PPP solutions are not improved compared with traditional DF1 PPP solutions. Influenced by the day boundary jumps of the BDS satellite precision clock offsets, the short-term stabilities of BDS-2/BDS-3 combined PPP solutions are worse than that of GPS PPP solutions, but the long-term stabilities of BDS-2/BDS-3 combined PPP solutions are close to or even better than GPS PPP solutions. Compared with GPS PPP solutions, the frequency stabilities of BDS-2/BDS-3 combined DF1, TF1, TF3, TF4, QF1, QF2, QF4 and QF6 PPP solutions at 120,000 s are improved by 15%, 1.1%, 8.6%, 7.0%, 9.9%, 1.0%, 11% and 15% on average, respectively. With the advances in multi-frequency signal modeling, precise time transfer may substantially motivate time and frequency technology.
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Data availability
The observation data from IGS MGEX networks are available at ftps://gdc.cddis.eosdis.nasa.gov/gps/data/daily/. The GBM precise orbit and clock products are available at ftps://gdc.cddis.eosdis.nasa.gov/gps/products/mgex/.
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Grant Nos. 42030105). We gratefully acknowledge the IGS MGEX for providing BDS observation data. We also acknowledge the GFZ for providing precise orbit and clock products.
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Xu, W., Yan, C. & Chen, J. Performance evaluation of BDS-2/BDS-3 combined precise time transfer with B1I/B2I/B3I/B1C/B2a five-frequency observations. GPS Solut 26, 80 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022-01262-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022-01262-y