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Responses of Passiflora spp. to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus reveal infection in asymptomatic plants and new species with probable immunity

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Abstract

Passion fruit woodiness disease (PWD), caused by cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), produces socioeconomic problems in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to i) evaluate the temporal progression of PWD, ii) identify Passiflora genotypes with resistance to CABMV, and iii) detect virus infection in asymptomatic plants by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in cases where standard RT-PCR detection failed. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using 128 genotypes belonging to 12 species and three hybrids (inter- and intraspecific) of Passiflora, evaluated at five time points after inoculation. Progression rates and disease severity were lower in P. cincinnata, P. gibertii, P. miersii, and P. mucronata than in P. edulis, P. alata, Passiflora sp., and hybrids. Of the genotypes tested, 20.31% were resistant, especially the accessions of P. suberosa, P. malacophylla, P. setacea, P. pohlii, and P. bahiensis, which remained asymptomatic throughout the experiment. The absence of symptoms does not imply immunity of plants to the virus, since RT-qPCR analysis confirmed infection by the virus in asymptomatic plants of P. cincinnata, P. gibertii, P. miersii, P. mucronata, P. setacea, P. malacophylla, and P. suberosa. Even after four inoculations, the virus was not detected by RT-qPCR in the upper leaves in plants of the species P. pohlii and P. bahiensis, indicating that these species are probably immune to CABMV.

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Acknowledgements

The Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) provided a doctoral research grant to the first author (ZSG). The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) provided a postdoctoral scholarship to the third author (LKSL – PDJ 152109/2019-6) and a research productivity fellowship to the second (ONJ – PQ 312774/2018-4) and fourth author (RXC). We acknowledge the research unit of Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura for providing the plant material, infrastructure, and technical support for the execution of the research, Dr. Saulo Alves S. de Oliveira for supporting the analysis of data on disease progress rates, and Dr. Antônio Vargas de O. Figueira and the Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA - Esalq/USP) for providing laboratory space and technical support for training in RT-qPCR of the first author (ZSG).

Funding

This work was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPq – Process 421033/2018-5), Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura (Process Embrapa 22.16.04.007.00.00) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB – TO DTE0001/2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil

    Zanon Santana Gonçalves & Ronan Xavier Corrêa

  2. Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa, s/n, Chapadinha, Caixa Postal 007, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil

    Onildo Nunes Jesus & Lucas Kennedy Silva Lima

Authors
  1. Zanon Santana Gonçalves
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  2. Onildo Nunes Jesus
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  3. Lucas Kennedy Silva Lima
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  4. Ronan Xavier Corrêa
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Contributions

All authors contributed to writing, as well as to interpreting the results, revising, and improving the paper. ZSG carried out the installation of the experiment, assessment of the severity of the disease, molecular analysis of virus detection and quantification, and writing of the paper. ZSG, ONJ, and LKSL participated in the statistical analysis, organization, and elaboration of tables and figures, as well as data interpretation. ONJ, LKSL, and RXC corrected the paper. ONJ and RXC were the creators of this research.

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Correspondence to Onildo Nunes Jesus.

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The authors declare that the present work complies with the ethical standards of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and complies with the ethical standards the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz and Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura.

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Gonçalves, Z.S., Jesus, O.N., Lima, L.K.S. et al. Responses of Passiflora spp. to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus reveal infection in asymptomatic plants and new species with probable immunity. Arch Virol 166, 2419–2434 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05131-w

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