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Ag nanoparticle in situ decorated on Ti3C2Tx with excellent SERS and EIS immunoassay performance for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

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Abstract

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXene), with excellent optical and electrical properties, are promising substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrochemical sensors. Therefore, a unique 3D-decorated structure containing silver (Ag) nanoparticles and Ti3C2Tx was designed as the substrates of SERS and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) immunosensors. The Ag/Ti3C2Tx composite significantly increases Raman intensity, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of Ti3C2Tx and Ag nanoparticles. Based on the SERS performance of the Ag/Ti3C2Tx composite, the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 and the specificity of antigen–antibody, a sandwich-structured SERS immunosensor is constructed, which can effectively detect trace amounts of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). The SERS immunosensor exhibits a wide linear range of 5.0 × 10–6–1.0 mIU mL−1, and a low detection limit of 9.0 × 10–7 mIU mL−1. Meanwhile, the Ag/Ti3C2Tx-based EIS immunosensor is constructed for the portable detection of β-hCG, which exhibits a wide linear range of 5.0 × 10–2–1.0 × 102 mIU mL−1, a low detection limit of 9.5 × 10–3 mIU mL−1. Moreover, two immunosensors can be used to detect actual serum samples with satisfactory recovery (98.5–102.2%). This work could guide the design of low-cost, sensitive, flexible, and portable biosensors.

Graphical abstract

The SERS and EIS substrates composited with Ti3C2Tx and Ag nanoparticles enable excellent performance for detecting β-hCG.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21375116), a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and the Jiangsu Province research program on analytical methods and techniques on the shared platform of mass-productive instruments and equipment (BZ 201409).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou City, 225009, China

    Jian Yang, Cixue Xu, Qing Yang & Chengyin Wang

  2. Testing Centre, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu, 225009, China

    Wenxian Wei & Chengyin Wang

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  1. Jian Yang
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Yang, J., Xu, C., Yang, Q. et al. Ag nanoparticle in situ decorated on Ti3C2Tx with excellent SERS and EIS immunoassay performance for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. Microchim Acta 189, 348 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05426-y

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