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The quenching of the fluorescence of carbon dots: A review on mechanisms and applications

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Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) possess unique optical properties such as tunable photoluminescence (PL) and excitation dependent multicolor emission. The quenching and recovery of the fluorescence of CDs can be utilized for detecting analytes. The PL mechanisms of CDs have been discussed in previous articles, but the quenching mechanisms of CDs have not been summarized so far. Quenching mechanisms include static quenching, dynamic quenching, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), photoinduced electron transfer (PET), surface energy transfer (SET), Dexter energy transfer (DET) and inner filter effect (IFE). Following an introduction, the review (with 88 refs.) first summarizes the various kinds of quenching mechanisms of CDs (including static quenching, dynamic quenching, FRET, PET and IFE), the principles of these quenching mechanisms, and the methods of distinguishing these quenching mechanisms. This is followed by an overview on applications of the various quenching mechanisms in detection and imaging.

Schematic representation of the quenching mechanisms of carbon dots (CDs) which include static quenching, dynamic quenching, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), photoinduced electron transfer(PET), surface energy transfer (SET), Dexter energy transfer (DET) and inner filter effect (IFE). All these effects can be used to detect and image analytes.

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Acknowledgements

The work described in this manuscript was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21374078), The Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin (No. 15JCYBJC18100).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Key Lab of Fiber Modification & Functional Fiber of Tianjin, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People’s Republic of China

    Fanlin Zu, Fanyong Yan, Zhangjun Bai, Jinxia Xu, Yinyin Wang, Yicun Huang & Xuguang Zhou

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Zu, F., Yan, F., Bai, Z. et al. The quenching of the fluorescence of carbon dots: A review on mechanisms and applications. Microchim Acta 184, 1899–1914 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2318-9

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