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Seasonal dynamics of extraradical mycelium and mycorrhizas in a black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantation

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Abstract

Seasonal dynamics of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) extraradical mycelium as well as the associated mycorrhizal community have been evaluated in a 16-year-old plantation with productive and non-productive trees. Mycelium biomass was seasonally quantified by real-time PCR over two consecutive years and the correlation with environmental variables explored. Extraradical mycelium biomass varied seasonally and between the two consecutive years, being correlated with the precipitation that occurred 1 month before sampling. In addition, productive trees had more mycelium in the brûlé area than non-productive trees did. The ectomycorrhizal community composition inside the burnt areas was seasonally evaluated during a year. Ten mycorrhizal morphotypes were detected; T. melanosporum was the most abundant in productive and non-productive trees. Black truffle mycorrhizas were more abundant (mycorrhizal tips per unit of soil volume) in productive trees, and no seasonal variation was observed. The occurrence of black truffle mycorrhizas was significantly and positively correlated with the biomass of extraradical mycelium. The mycorrhizal community within the brûlé areas was significantly different between productive and non-productive trees, and no variation was detected between seasons. The assessment of the fungal vegetative structures in a mature plantation is of paramount importance to develop trufficulture methods based on the knowledge of the biological cycle of the fungus and its relationships with the associated ectomycorrhizal communities.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the owner of the truffle plantation and his valuable collaboration in the field work. This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitively (MINECO) through the projects AGL 2012-40035-C03 and AGL2015-66001-C3. We are also grateful to the Genomics Core Group at CIMA, University of Navarra, for their support in molecular sequencing and interpretation. This work is part of the doctorate of Mikel Queralt, financed by a grant Asociación de Amigos de la Universidad de Navarra.

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  1. Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Navarra, 31080, Pamplona, Spain

    Mikel QUERALT & Ana María DE MIGUEL

  2. Protecció Vegetal Sostenible, IRTA, Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. Cabrils Km. 2, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain

    Javier PARLADÉ & Joan PERA

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  1. Mikel QUERALT
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Correspondence to Mikel QUERALT.

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QUERALT, M., PARLADÉ, J., PERA, J. et al. Seasonal dynamics of extraradical mycelium and mycorrhizas in a black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantation. Mycorrhiza 27, 565–576 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-017-0780-1

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