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Mangrove root: adaptations and ecological importance

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Abstract

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This review gives a comprehensive overview of adaptations of mangrove root system to the adverse environmental conditions and summarizes the ecological importance of mangrove root to the ecosystem.

Abstract

In plants, the first line of defense against abiotic stress is in their roots. If the soil surrounding the plant root is healthy and biologically diverse, the plant will have a higher chance to survive in stressful conditions. Different plant species have unique adaptations when exposed to a variety of abiotic stress conditions. None of the responses are identical, even though plants have become adapted to the exact same environment. Mangrove plants have developed complex morphological, anatomical, physiological, and molecular adaptations allowing survival and success in their high-stress habitat. This review briefly depicts adaptive strategies of mangrove roots with respect to anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and also the major advances recently made at the genetic and genomic levels. Results drawn from the different studies on mangrove roots have further indicated that specific patterns of gene expression might contribute to adaptive evolution of mangroves under high salinity. We also review crucial ecological contributions provided by mangrove root communities to the ecosystem including marine fauna.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, for providing the research fund to the project AcRF RI 3/13 CZ and Dr. F. Berger for proofreading.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore

    Sandhya Srikanth, Shawn Kaihekulani Yamauchi Lum & Zhong Chen

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  1. Sandhya Srikanth
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  2. Shawn Kaihekulani Yamauchi Lum
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  3. Zhong Chen
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Correspondence to Zhong Chen.

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Communicated by K. Noguchi and T. Koike.

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Srikanth, S., Lum, S.K.Y. & Chen, Z. Mangrove root: adaptations and ecological importance. Trees 30, 451–465 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1233-0

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