Abstract
The monoaminergic neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is known to be involved in several physiological, behavioural and neuroendocrine functions in vertebrates. In this study, we investigated the distribution of 5-HT neuronal system in the central nervous system (CNS) of Sphaerotheca breviceps tadpoles at metamorphic climax stage. In the telencephalon, there was no 5-HT-immunoreactive (5-HT-ir) perikarya, but conspicuous fibres were observed in the olfactory bulb, pallium, subpallium and amygdala complexes. The preoptic area showed dense 5-HT-ir somata and cerebrospinal fluid contacting fibres, whereas a few varicose 5-HT-ir fibres were noticed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. 5-HT-ir cells and fibres were found in the ventral, lateral dorsal subdivisions of the hypothalamus and in the nucleus tuberculi posterioris, but only 5-HT-ir fibres were localised in the periventricular area and pituitary gland. Numerous 5-HT-ir cells and/or fibres were detected in the thalamus, entopeduncular area and mesencephalic subdivisions. In the rhombencephalon, although 5-HT-ir cells and fibres were noticed in the subdivisions of the raphe nucleus and reticular formation, a moderate plexus of fibres was observed in the cerebellum, parabrachial nucleus and solitary tract. Distinct 5-HT-ir fibres, but no perikarya, were observed in the rostral spinal cord. Overall, extensively labelled 5-HT-ir cells and fibres in the CNS of the metamorphic tadpole suggest possible roles for the involvement of 5-HT in various somatosensory, behavioural and neuroendocrine functions during final stages of development.
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Abbreviations
- AADC:
-
L-amino acid decarboxylase
- Ad:
-
Anterodorsal tegmental area
- Av:
-
Anteroventral tegmental area
- Acc:
-
Nucleus accumbens
- BSA:
-
Bovine serum albumin
- Cb:
-
Cerebellum
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CSF-C:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid contacting
- CTh:
-
Central thalamic area
- DA:
-
Dopamine
- DAPI:
-
4ʹ,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DH:
-
Dorsal hypothalamus
- Dp:
-
Dorsal pallium
- Ep:
-
Entopeduncular area
- GL:
-
Glomerular layer
- GR:
-
Granule cell layer
- H:
-
Ganglion habenulae
- Hyp:
-
Hypothalamus
- Ip:
-
Interpeduncular nucleus
- LA:
-
Lateral amygdala
- LH:
-
Lateral hypothalamus
- Lp:
-
Lateral pallium
- Lpv:
-
Lateral thalamic nucleus pars posteroventralis
- Ls:
-
Lateral septum
- MeA:
-
Medial amygdala
- ML:
-
Mitral layer
- Mp:
-
Medial pallium
- Ms:
-
Medial septum
- NOS:
-
Nitric oxide synthase
- Nri:
-
Nucleus reticularis isthmi
- nIII:
-
Oculomotor nucleus
- OB:
-
Olfactory bulb
- OC:
-
Optic chiasma
- OT:
-
Optic tectum
- Pb:
-
Parabrachial nucleus
- PBS:
-
Phosphate-buffered saline
- Pd:
-
Pars distalis of the pituitary
- Pi:
-
Pars intermedia of the pituitary
- Pn:
-
Pars nervosa of the pituitary
- Pit:
-
Pituitary
- POa:
-
Preoptic area
- PTh:
-
Posterior thalamic area
- PVa:
-
Periventricular area
- Rai:
-
Raphe nucleus inferior
- Ras:
-
Raphe nucleus superior
- RSC:
-
Rostral spinal cord
- Ri:
-
Inferior reticular nucleus
- Rm:
-
Median reticular nucleus
- Rs:
-
Superior reticular nucleus
- SCN:
-
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
- Sgc:
-
Stratum griseum centrale
- Sgp:
-
Stratum griseum periventriculare
- Sgs:
-
Stratum griseum superficiale
- Sol:
-
Solitary tract
- Str:
-
Striatum
- Tel:
-
Telencephalon
- TH:
-
Tyrosine hydroxylase
- TH-ir:
-
Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive
- Th:
-
Thalamus
- Tl:
-
Laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis
- Tmg:
-
Magnocellular nucleus of the torus semicircularis
- TP:
-
Nucleus tuberculi posterioris
- TS:
-
Torus semicircularis
- V:
-
Ventricle
- VH:
-
Ventral hypothalamus
- VL:
-
Ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
- VM:
-
Ventromedial thalamic nucleus
- 5-HT:
-
5-Hydroxytryptamine
- 5-HT-ir:
-
5-HT-immunoreactive
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Acknowledgements
The infrastructural facility received under research grants from Science & Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology (SERB-DST), New Delhi, Government of India, is gratefully acknowledged.
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This study was supported by a grant from University Grants Commission (UGC-SAP No. F-18/2015/DSA-I), New Delhi.
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Experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the guidelines of an Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (No. 639/GO/Re/S/02/CPCSEA).
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Bhat, S.K., C.B., G. Organization of serotonergic system in Sphaerotheca breviceps (Dicroglossidae) tadpole brain. Cell Tissue Res 391, 67–86 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-022-03709-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-022-03709-7