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Afferent neural pathways from the photoperiodic receptor in the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris

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Abstract

Adult diapause in the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is controlled by the photoperiod, which is received by retinal cells in the central region of the compound eyes. To resolve the afferent neural pathways involved in the photoperiodic response, we examine fibre projections from the photoperiodic receptors to the brain and investigate the roles of the posterior optic tract (POT) in the photoperiodic response. Reduced-silver impregnation and synapsin immunolabelling revealed that the medulla was divided into nine strata: the outer layer comprises 4 strata, the inner layer comprises 4 strata and a serpentine layer separates the inner and outer layers. Biotin injection revealed that retinal fibres from the central region of the compound eye terminated in either the central part of the lamina or the central part of the medulla 3rd or 4th layer. Biotin injection into the central part of the medulla labelled 5 distinct afferent pathways: two terminated in a region of ipsilateral anterior protocerebrum, while the other three had contralateral projections. One pathway ran through the POT and connected to the bilateral medulla serpentine layers. When the POT was surgically severed, diapause incidence under short-day conditions was significantly reduced compared to that observed following a sham operation. However, an incision at a posterior part of the medulla and lobula boundary, as a control experiment, did not affect the photoperiodic response. These results suggest that photoperiodic signals from the central region of the compound eye are transferred to neurons with fibres running in the POT for photoperiodic response in R. pedestris.

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Abbreviations

AL:

Antennal lobe

AOT:

Anterior optic tract

AOTU:

Anterior optic tubercle

CA:

Calyces of the mushroom body

CC:

Central complex

CE:

Compound eye

DAT:

Dorsal anterior tract

DT:

Dorsal tract

LA:

Lamina

LO:

Lobula

MB:

Mushroom body

ME:

Medulla

OL:

Optic lobe

PDF:

Pigment-dispersing factor

PLF:

Posterior lateral fibres

POT:

Posterior optic tract

SEZ:

Subesophageal zone

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Michiyo Kinoshita from Sokendai for technical advice on biotin staining. This work was supported by a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research (B), 26292175 by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan

    Jili Xi, Ikuyo Toyoda & Sakiko Shiga

  2. Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan

    Sakiko Shiga

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  1. Jili Xi
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  2. Ikuyo Toyoda
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Correspondence to Sakiko Shiga.

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Xi, J., Toyoda, I. & Shiga, S. Afferent neural pathways from the photoperiodic receptor in the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris . Cell Tissue Res 368, 469–485 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-016-2565-9

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