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Quantitative trait loci affecting pathogen resistance and ripening of grapevines

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Abstract

Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) form the basis of viticulture, and are susceptible to diseases such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator). Therefore, successful viticulture programs require the use of pesticides. Breeding for resistance is the only eco-friendly solution. Marker-assisted selection is currently widely used for grapevine breeding. Consequently, traits of interest must be tagged with molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL). We herein present our findings regarding genetic mapping and QTL analysis of resistance to downy and powdery mildew diseases in the progenies of the GF.GA-47-42 (‘Bacchus’ × ‘Seyval’) × ‘Villard blanc’ cross. Simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms of 151 individuals were analyzed. A map consisting of 543 loci was screened for QTL analyses based on phenotypic variations observed in plants grown in the field or under controlled conditions. A major QTL for downy mildew resistance was detected on chromosome 18. For powdery mildew resistance, a QTL was identified on chromosome 15. This QTL was replaced by a novel QTL on chromosome 18 in 2003 (abnormally high temperatures) and 2004. Subsequently, both QTLs functioned together. Additionally, variations in the timing of the onset of veraison, which is a crucial step during grape ripening, were studied to identify genomic regions affecting this trait. A major QTL was detected on linkage group 16, which was supplemented by a minor QTL on linkage group 18. This study provides useful information regarding novel QTL-linked markers relevant for the breeding of disease-resistant grapevines adapted to current climatic conditions.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Doreen Gabriel for help with statistical analyses. We also thank Elvira Schreiber for assistance with the analysis of flowering and veraison time. Heike Bennek, Margit Schneider, and Andreas Preiss provided expert technical help with marker analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany

    Eva Zyprian, Iris Ochßner, Florian Schwander, Silvio Šimon, Ludger Hausmann, Martina Bonow-Rex, Rudolf Eibach & Reinhard Töpfer

  2. Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy

    Paula Moreno-Sanz & Maria Stella Grando

  3. INRA Centre de Recherche de Colmar, UMR Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, 68021, Colmar Cedex, France

    Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu & Didier Merdinoglu

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  1. Eva Zyprian
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  2. Iris Ochßner
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  3. Florian Schwander
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  4. Silvio Šimon
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  12. Reinhard Töpfer
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Correspondence to Eva Zyprian.

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Funding

This study was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Nutrition and Agriculture and partially by InnoVine (grant 311775). MBR was supported by ERA-Net (through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research) and SS received a fellowship from L’Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin. FS and IO received funding from Forschungsring des Deutschen Weinbaues and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP1530), respectively.

Conflict of interest

All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethical standards

The authors declare that all experiments conducted in this study complied with the applicable laws in Germany and France. This article does not describe any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Communicated by S. Hohmann.

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Fig. 1

Distribution of veraison time variation (a) Continuous distribution of the values for the timing of the onset of veraison in the segregating population in 2010. The complete range extended over 45 days. Veraison occurred in GF.GA-47-42 and ‘Villard blanc’ lines 58 and 91 days after June 1, respectively. (b) Frequency distribution of the timing of the onset of veraison in the segregating population in 2010. (PDF 57 kb)

Table 1

(a) Designations, chromosome positions, sequences, and amplimer sizes of newly designed SSR markers.(PDF 48 kb)

Table 1

(b) Designations, chromosome positions, and biallelic nucleotide polymorphisms of novel SNP markers. (PDF 34 kb)

Table 2

Parameters used to evaluate Plasmopara viticola resistance on leaf discs(PDF 101 kb)

Table 3

Segregation patterns and genetic information gained from the three sets of SNP markers. (PDF 35 kb)

Table 4

(a) Spearman rank correlation coefficients of Plasmopara viticola resistance traits for leaves and berries over 3 years in the field and for leaf discs under in vitro culture conditions. (PDF 180 kb)

Table 4

(b) Spearman rank correlation coefficients of Erysiphe necator resistance traits for leaves and berries over 6 years in the field. (PDF 191 kb)

Table 4

(c) Spearman rank correlation coefficients of the time required to reach the flowering and veraison stages, and the interval between the two developmental stages over 3 or 4 years. (PDF 98 kb)

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Zyprian, E., Ochßner, I., Schwander, F. et al. Quantitative trait loci affecting pathogen resistance and ripening of grapevines. Mol Genet Genomics 291, 1573–1594 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-016-1200-5

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