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Unraveling the Role of Plant Growth Regulators and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Phytoremediation

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Abstract

Phytoremediation is a technique for reducing or stabilizing hazardous chemicals in polluted soil or ground water. There is a loss of agricultural products and a degradation in food quality as a result of abiotic stresses, such as those generated by heavy metals and pesticides that have an effect on plants. These toxic compounds are extensively employed in agriculture, and they have a significant influence on both human health and agricultural output. The accumulation of these toxic, persistent, and poorly biodegradable compounds causes soil and ecological disparities. PGRs, or plant growth regulators, are an appealing possibility for increasing the efficacy of phytoremediation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), a ubiquitous root microbiome, is widely used as a biocontrol agent. They have the ability to improve plant growth by colonizing plant roots, which can benefit the plant. Several PGPRs, including P. aeruginosa, B.gladioli, and P.pseudoalcali, have been shown to be resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. Because of their ability to digest xenobiotic chemicals, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a promising candidate for use in the phytoremediation process. Microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere participate in plant resistance mechanisms by secreting and generating a variety of important compounds such as siderophores, phytohormones, and metal-binding proteins. Rhizobacteria play an important role in phytoremediation of pesticide- and heavy metal-polluted soil by decomposing toxicants and promoting plant development via mechanisms such as chelation, acidification, and phosphate solubilization. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) increase plant biomass while reducing the negative impacts of contaminants and boosting growth in harsh settings. The use of certain PGRs as exogenous treatments have also been investigated as a potential way to improving crop stress tolerance; however the efficiency varies depending on the specific stress and plant type. Several plant growth regulators, such as brassinosteroids, melatonin, strigolactones, and others, have been proven to be useful in overcoming abiotic stress. The current review focuses on the utilization of PGRs and PGPRs in phytoremediation of heavy metal and pesticide-polluted soils.

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Abbreviations

BCF:

Bio concentration factor

CAT:

Catalase

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

NTA:

Nitrilotriacetic acid

PGPR:

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Sadaf Jan, Neeta Raj Sharma & Rattandeep Singh

  2. Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Renu Bhardwaj & Neeta Raj Sharma

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  1. Sadaf Jan
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  2. Renu Bhardwaj
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  4. Rattandeep Singh
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SJ and RD: designed and conceptualized the study. SJ: Prepared the manuscript. SJ and NR: edited the manuscript. RD and RB: Prepared final draft of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rattandeep Singh.

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Jan, S., Bhardwaj, R., Sharma, N.R. et al. Unraveling the Role of Plant Growth Regulators and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Phytoremediation. J Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11284-0

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