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GC-MS studies reveal stimulated pesticide detoxification by brassinolide application in Brassica juncea L. plants

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Abstract

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a commonly used pesticide against aphids and accumulates in plant parts, maximum in leaves. Present study was conducted to check the efficiency of seed pre-soaking with 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) for reduction of this pesticide in the leaves of Brassica juncea L. plants raised from 24-EBL pre-soaked seeds and grown in soils supplemented with IMI. Leaves were analyzed for IMI residues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione (GSH) content were determined by spectrophotometry. Soil containing 350 mg IMI/kilogram soil resulted in 88.66 μg/g fresh weight (FW) of IMI residue in the leaves, which was maximum decrease to 35.31 μg/g FW (60.17 %), when seeds were pre-soaked in 100 nM 24-EBL. In this treatment (350 mg IMI/kilogram soil + 100 nM 24-EBL), GSH content, GR, POD, and GST activities were increased by 42.30, 34.5, 20.5, and 13.4 %, respectively, as compared to plants grown in soils amended with 350 mg IMI/kilogram soil.

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Abbreviations

24-EBL:

24-Epibrassinolide

ANN:

Artificial neural network

AOAC:

Association of Official Agricultural Chemists

BRs:

Brassinosteroids

CBZ:

Carbendazim

cDNB:

Chloro-dinitrobenzene

CHT:

Chlorothalonil

CMT:

Cypermethrin

CPF:

Chlorpyrifos

DTNB:

Dithionitrobenzoic acid

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FW:

Fresh weight

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

IMI:

Imidacloprid

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

MLR:

Multiple linear regression

MRP:

Multidrug resistance-associated protein

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

POD:

Guaiacol peroxidase

PSA:

Primary secondary amine

QuEChERS:

Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe

RBOH1:

Respiratory burst oxidase homologue 1

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

UGT:

UDP-glycosyltransferase

UN:

United Nations

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Acknowledgments

The Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India is duly acknowledged for providing INSPIRE fellowship to A. Sharma for carrying out the research work. The instrumentation facilities under the UGC-UPE program are acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India

    Anket Sharma, Renu Bhardwaj, Vinod Kumar & Ashwani Kumar Thukral

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  1. Anket Sharma
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  2. Renu Bhardwaj
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  3. Vinod Kumar
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  4. Ashwani Kumar Thukral
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Correspondence to Renu Bhardwaj.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Sharma, A., Bhardwaj, R., Kumar, V. et al. GC-MS studies reveal stimulated pesticide detoxification by brassinolide application in Brassica juncea L. plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 14518–14525 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6650-0

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