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Role of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase in the regulation of plant response to heavy metal stress

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Abstract

Key message

Methylglyoxal and glyoxalase function a significant role in plant response to heavy metal stress. We update and discuss the most recent developments of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase in regulating plant response to heavy metal stress.

Abstract

Methylglyoxal (MG), a by-product of several metabolic processes, is created by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to heavy metal stress (HMS). Changes in MG content and glyoxalase (GLY) activity under HMS imply that they may be potential biomarkers of plant stress resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the mechanisms of MG and GLY in the regulation of plant responses to HMS. It has been discovered that appropriate concentrations of MG assist plants in maintaining a balance between growth and development and survival defense, therefore shielding them from heavy metal harm. MG and GLY regulate plant physiological processes by remodeling cellular redox homeostasis, regulating stomatal movement, and crosstalking with other signaling molecules (including abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, cytokinin, salicylic acid, melatonin, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide). We also discuss the involvement of MG and GLY in the regulation of plant responses to HMS at the transcriptional, translational, and metabolic levels. Lastly, considering the current state of research, we present a perspective on the future direction of MG research to elucidate the MG anti-stress mechanism and offer a theoretical foundation and useful advice for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments in the future.

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Acknowledgements

We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

The present investigation was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30972408), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M671509), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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  1. College of Architecture Landscape, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China

    Qianqian Zheng, Jianpan Xin, Chu Zhao & Runan Tian

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  1. Qianqian Zheng
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  2. Jianpan Xin
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  3. Chu Zhao
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  4. Runan Tian
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Contributions

Qianqian Zheng conceived the study and wrote the manuscript. Jianpan Xin added valuable comments and improved the paper. Chu Zhao contributed various inputs during the manuscript preparation. Runan Tian supervised and finalized the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the finalized manuscript.

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Correspondence to Runan Tian.

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Zheng, Q., Xin, J., Zhao, C. et al. Role of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase in the regulation of plant response to heavy metal stress. Plant Cell Rep 43, 103 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-024-03186-y

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