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Physicochemical and Biotic Changes and the Phylogenetic Evenness of Microbial Community in Soil Subjected to Phytoreclamation

  • Soil Microbiology
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Abstract

Phytoreclamation is the intervention of plants to improve degraded soil quality, changing soil biotic and abiotic properties. Many studies have focused on microbial composition and bioactivity, but few explored the changes in phylogenetic assemblages of soil microbiota after phytoreclamation. This study compared microbiomes of bare land to those of planted soils and investigated how the rhizosphere environment affects microbial assemblages from monocot Poa pratensis and eudicot Dianthus plumarius plantings using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. The results showed that the biotic susceptibility of soil to the rhizosphere environment was higher than that of the abiotic. A noticeable change was in some soil physicochemical properties like Na, P, Zn, Cu, C, and sand-to-silt proportion before and after phytoreclamation, but not between the rhizosphere and bulk soil of plantings. Contrastingly, microbial composition and diversity were significantly affected by both turfing and rhizosphere effects and were more susceptible to differences in turfing or not than in planting species. In the turfgrass, the microbiome differences between plants were greater in the rhizosphere than in the surrounding bulk soil, indicating the proximal influence of root exudates. We also found that the main abiotic factors that influenced microbial composition were Na, Zn, NOx, N, and S; as for the phylogenetic assemblages, were by K levels and the increase of silt. Turfgrass decomposes soil aggregates and changes the physicochemical properties, thereby evens the phylogenetic clustering of the soil microbial community. We demonstrated that the deterministic process affects the microbial assemblage and acts as a selective agent of the soil microbiota in fundamental and realized niches. Phytoreclamation may lead to abiotic soil changes that reallocate resources to microbes. This could affect the phylogeny of the microbial assemblages and increase microbial richness.

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Availability of Data and Material

The obtained 16S rRNA metabarcoding sequences are deposited NCBI GenBank under the bioproject PRJNA732794 (accession number: SAMN19340935-SAMN19340984).

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the help of Yuan Liu and Biomarker Technologies Corporation (China) with the PacBio sequencing. We also appreciate the assistance of Prof. Gary Bentley with English editing.

Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC31760120) to RHG and by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 109–2621-B-003–003-MY3 and 109–2628-B-003–001) to PCL. This article was also subsidized by the National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010019, China

      Yong-Zhi Yang & Run-Hong Gao

    2. School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116, Taiwan

      Min-Xin Luo, Jui-Tse Chang, Chien-Ti Chao & Pei-Chun Liao

    3. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Hohhot, 010030, China

      Hai-Xia Yan

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    1. Yong-Zhi Yang
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    Contributions

    YZY, RHG, and PCL conceived and designed the experiments. YZY and HXY collected plant materials. YZY and HXY performed the laboratory experiments. MXL, JTC, CTC, and PCL analyzed the data. MXL and PCL wrote the paper. All authors participated in the discussion, critically reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript.

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    Correspondence to Run-Hong Gao or Pei-Chun Liao.

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    Yong-Zhi Yang, Min-Xin Luo, and Hai-Xia Yan contributed equally to this study.

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    Yang, YZ., Luo, MX., Yan, HX. et al. Physicochemical and Biotic Changes and the Phylogenetic Evenness of Microbial Community in Soil Subjected to Phytoreclamation. Microb Ecol 84, 1182–1194 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01890-w

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