Abstract
The city of Nizhnevartovsk is one of the centers of oil production in Western Siberia (Russia). A survey of the contents of trace metals and metalloids (TMMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the snow cover was conducted there. It was aimed to study insoluble particles in the snow where the predominant fraction of pollutants in urban areas is concentrated. In contrast to the background area, the deposition of TMMs in Nizhnevartovsk increases by 1–2 orders of magnitude. The deposition of V and Mn increases by 37 and 88 times, respectively, and the deposition of W increases at most (by 98 times). Abrasion of spikes of winter tires, abrasion of metal parts of vehicles, and combustion of motor fuels cause the pollution with W, Co, and V, respectively. The total content of 12 EPA PAHs in the particulate fraction of snow in the urban area averaged 148.2 ng l−1, and the deposition rate was 17.0 μg/m2. In contrast to the background area, the fraction of high molecular weight 5–6-ring PAHs significantly increases in the city, especially dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA). The indicative ratios of PAHs showed that the snowpack composition was influenced by both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. The proportion of pyrogenic sources is the highest in the low-rise residential area due to fuel combustion to produce heat and burning of household waste. The impact of motor transport is also major and is manifested in the maximum pollution in areas of heavy traffic. No emissions of PAHs from oil spills from the nearby Samotlor oil field have been identified. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon pollution of the atmosphere from the field weakens during the winter period compared to the warm season. Application of the integral TDF index characterizes the majority (72%) of the studied samples as lowly polluted, 24% of the observation sites are classified as moderately polluted, and one (4%), as highly polluted. The maximum TDF values are observed in the industrial area. The data obtained during the study allowed us to identify the central areas and sites along the roads with the heaviest traffic as the most contaminated areas of the city. This study can be a reference for air pollution monitoring in Nizhnevartovsk.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Description of sampling sites is provided in Table S1. Methods of analysis, analytical results, and recovery of certified reference material are provided in Table S2.
References
Amjadian K, Sacchi E, Rastegari Mehr M (2016) Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of different land uses in Erbil metropolis, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Environ Monit Assess 188:605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5623-6
Antonovich VV, Belan BD, Vaver VI et al (2000) Air quality assessment of oil and gas producing areas. In: Ryanskiy FN, Solodkin YG, Sokolov SN (eds) Studies of environmental and geographical problems of land-use management in order to ensure the territorial organization and sustainable development of oil and gas regions of Russia: theory, methods, practice. Springer, Nizhnevartovsk, pp 216–220 (In Russian)
Arellano L, Grimalt JO, Fernández P, Lopez JF, Nickus U, Thies H (2014) Persistent organic pollutant accumulation in seasonal snow along an altitudinal gradient in the Tyrolean Alps. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(22):12638–12650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3196-x
Bayraktar H, Paloluoğlu C, Turalioğlu FS et al (2016) A multipoint (49 points) study of dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Erzurum, Turkey by using surrogated snow surface samplers. Environl Sci Pollut Res 23(12):12400–12413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6427-5
Berner BA Jr, Bryner NP, Wise SA, Mulholland GH, Lao RC, Fingas MF (1990) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from combustion of crude oil on water. Environ Sci Technol 24(9):1418–1427. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00079a018
Bondarevich EA (2019) Assessment of technogenic pollution of the urban environment in Chita by the snow cover state. Ice Snow 59(3):389–400. https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2019-3-393. (In Russian)
Cao Z, Chen Q, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang M, Zhao L, Yan G, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Yang T, Shen M, Sun J (2018) Contamination characteristics of trace metals in dust from different levels of roads of a heavily air-polluted city in north China. Environ Geochem Health 40:2441–2452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0110-3
Chen X, Guo M, Feng J, Liang S, Han D, Cheng J (2019) Characterization and risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust from a developing city with good air quality and from Shanghai, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04550-2
Cho S, Sharma K, Brassard BW et al (2014) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in the snowpack of the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta. Canada Water Air Soil Pollut 225:1910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-1910-4
Cong Z, Kang S, Zhang Y, Li X (2010) Atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements to central Tibetan Plateau. Appl Geochem 25(9):1415–1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.06.011
Cowan N, Blair D, Malcolm H, Graham M (2021) A survey of heavy metal contents of rural and urban roadside dusts: comparisons at low, medium and high traffic sites in Central Scotland. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:7365–7378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11081-8
Cui S, Song Z, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Houg R, Fu Q, An L, Shen Z, Li Y-F, Liu D, Gao S (2019) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh snow in the city of Harbin in northeast China. Atmos Environ 215:116915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116915
Ermolaeva NI (2022) To the problem of bioindication of oil pollution of freshwater limnic ecosystems using zooplankton on the example of lake Samotlor (KhMAO). Water Resour 49:109–121. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807822010067
Ermolin MS, Fedotov PS, Ivaneev AI et al (2018) A contribution of nanoscale particles of road-deposited sediments to the pollution of urban runoff by heavy metals. Chemosphere 210:65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.150
Filippov DV, Noev II (2018) Assessment of the consumer segment of winter tires market in northern (arctic) regions of Russia. Azimuth Sci Res Econ Adm 4(25):334–338 (In Russian)
Furberg A, Arvidsson R, Molander S (2019) Dissipation of tungsten and environmental release of nanoparticles from tire studs: a Swedish case study. J Clean Prod 207:920–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.004
Grebenshchikova VI, Efimova N, Doroshkov AA (2017) Chemical composition of snow and soil in Svirsk city (Irkutsk Region, Pribaikal’e). Environ Earth Sci 76:712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7056-0
Grebenyuk GN, Kuznetsova VP (2009) Study of climate dynamics by meteorological elements of the weather (on the example of the city of Nizhnevartovsk). Vestnik NVGU 1:19–27 (In Russian)
Guo L, Lyu Y, Yang Y (2017) Concentrations and chemical forms of heavy metals in the bulk atmospheric deposition of Beijing, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:27356–27365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0324-4
Hanedar A, Alp K, Kaynak B et al (2011) Concentrations and sources of PAHs at three stations in Istanbul, Turkey. Atmos Res 99:391–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.11.017
Heindel RC, Putman AL, Murphy SF, Repert DA, Hinckley EL (2020) Atmospheric dust deposition varies by season and elevation in the Colorado Front Range, USA. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 125(5):2019. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005436
Helsel DR (1990) Less than obvious-statistical treatment of data below the detection limit. Environ Sci Technol 24(12):1766–1774. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00082a001
Herath D, Pitawala A, Gunatilake J et al (2018) Using multiple methods to assess heavy metal pollution in an urban city. Environ Monit Assess 190:657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7016-5
Hu J, Zhu CB, Long YC, Yang Q, Zhou SQ, Wu P, Jian J, Zhou W, Hu XJ (2021) Interaction analysis of hydrochemical factors and dissolved heavy metals in the karst Caohai Wetland based on PHREEQC, cooccurrence network and redundancy analyses. Sci Total Environ 770:145361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145361
Ivanov VB, Mukhametdinova EA, Korolik VS (2010) Distribution of pollution by heavy metals in the snow cover of Nizhnevartovsk. Tyumen State University Herald. Environ Manag Ecol 3:148–153 (In Russian)
Jahandari A (2020) Pollution status and human health risk assessments of selected heavy metals in urban dust of 16 cities in Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:23094–23107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08585-8
Kabata-Pendias A (2010) Trace elements in soils and plants, 4th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Karandashev VK, Turanov AN, Orlova TA et al (2008) Use of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for element analysis of environmental objects. Inorg Mater 44:1491–1500. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168508140045
Kasimov NS, Kosheleva NE, Vlasov DV, Terskaya EV (2012) Geochemistry of snow cover within the Eastern district of Moscow. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Geogr 4:14–24 (In Russian)
Kasimov NS, Kosheleva NE, Nikiforova EM, Vlasov DV (2017) Benzo[a]pyrene in urban environments of eastern Moscow: pollution levels and critical loads. Atmos Chem Phys 17(3):2217–2227. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2217-2017
Kasimov NS, Bityukova VR, Malkhazova SM et al (2014). Regions and Cities of Russia: integrated environmental assessment; IP Filimonov MV Publ. (In Russian)
Kasimov NS, Vlasov DV, Kosheleva NE, Nikiforova EM (2016) Geochemistry of landscapes of Eastern APR Publishing. Moscow. (In Russian)
Khaustov AP, Redina MM (2017) Geochemical markers based on concentration ratios of PAH in oils and oil-polluted areas. Geochem Int 55(1):98–107. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702916120041
Kobelev VO, Popovicheva OB, Shinkaruk EV, Agbalyan EV, Kolesnikov RA, Novigatskiy AN (2019) Acidity of precipitation in winter in the regions of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous district with different anthropogenic load. Sci Bull Yamal-Nenets Auton District 102(1):81–88 (in Russian)
Kondrat’ev II, Mukha DE, Boldeskul AG, Yurchenko SG, Lutsenko TN (2017) Chemical composition of precipitation and snow cover in the Primorsky krai. Russ Meteorol Hydrol 42:64–70. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373917010083
Konstantinova E, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Antonenko E, Konstantinov A (2020) Levels, sources, and toxicity assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban topsoils of an intensively developing Western Siberian city. Environ Geochem Health 42:325–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00357-9
Kosheleva NE, Kasimov NS, Vlasov DV, Nikiforova EM (2017) Critical loads of benzo(a)pyrene on urban soils. Dokl Earth Sci 472(1):95–99. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X17010159
Kozhevnikov AYu, Falev DI, Sypalov SA, Kozhevnikova IS, Kosyakov DS (2021) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snow cover of the northern city agglomeration. Sci Rep 11:19074. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98386-x
Kozhevnikov AYu, Shutskiy NA, Malkov AV, Lahmanov DE (2022) Inorganic and organic pollutants in the snow cover of the northern city. Int J Environ Anal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2022.2053964
Kuznetsova VP (2020) The reaction of the environment to climate change in the Northern latitudes (on the example of the taiga zone of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra). Environ Dyn Global Climate Change 11(2):24–36 (In Russian)
Lai AM, Shafer MM, Dibb JE, Polashenski CM, Schauer JJ (2017) Elements and inorganic ions as source tracers in recent Greenland snow. Atmos Environ 164:205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.048
Lanzerstorfer C (2018) Heavy metals in the finest size fractions of road-deposited sediments. Environ Pollut 239:522–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.063
Larsen RK, Baker JE (2003) Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: a comparison of three methods. Environ Sci Technol 37(9):1873–1881. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0206184
Levshina S (2019) Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of the urban and reserve areas of southern Far East Russia. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 102(2):160–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-02533-6
Lewtas J (2007) Air pollution combustion emissions: characterization of causative agents and mechanisms associated with cancer, reproductive, and cardiovascular effects. Mutat Res 636:95–133
Li Q, Wang N, Wu X et al (2011) Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of different glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau. Sci China Earth Sci 54:1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-010-4047-3
Li T, Wang Y, Li WJ, Chen JM, Wang T, Wang WX (2015) Concentrations and solubility of trace elements in fine particles at a mountain site, southern China: regional sources and cloud processing. Atmos Chem Phys 15:8987–9002. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8987-2015
Liang X, Zhu L, Zhuang S (2016) Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to soils enhanced by heavy metals: perspective of molecular interactions. J Soils Sedim 16:1509–1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1341-x
Majumdar D, Rajaram B, Meshram S, Suryawanshi P, Chalapati Rao CV (2017) Worldwide distribution of polyclyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dust. Int J Environ Sci Technol 14:397–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1084-2
Malik RN, Jadoon WA, Husain SZ (2010) Metal contamination of surface soils of industrial city Sialkot, Pakistan: a multivariate and GIS approach. Environ Geochem Health 32:179–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-009-9274-1
Moiseenko TI, Gashkina NA, Dinu MI, Khoroshavin VYu, Kremleva TA (2017) Influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on water acidification in humid regions. Geochem Int 55:84–97. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702916120090
Moskovchenko DV, Babushkin AG (2012) Peculiarities of formation of chemical composition of snow waters (on example of Khanty-Mansi autonomous district). Kriosfera Zemli 16(1):71–81 (In Russian)
Moskovchenko DV, Romanenko EA (2020) Elemental composition of soils of the Pur-Taz interfluve. Dokuchaev Soil Bull 103:51–84. https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2020-103-51-84. (In Russian)
Moskovchenko DV, Pozhitkov RYu, Soromotin AV (2021a) Geochemical characteristics of snow cover in Tobolsk. Bull Tomsk Polytechnic Univ Geo Assets Eng 332(5):156–169
Moskovchenko D, Pozhitkov R, Zakharchenko A, Tigeev A (2021b) Concentrations of major and trace elements within the snowpack of Tyumen. Russia Miner 11(7):709. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11070709
Moskovchenko D, Pozhitkov R, Lodygin E, Toptygina M (2022) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snow cover in the City of Tyumen (Western Siberia, Russia). Toxics 10(12):743. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120743
Muel B, Saguem S (1985) Determination of 23 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate matter of the Paris area and photolysis by sun light. Int J Env Anal Chem 19:111–131
Napier F, D’Arcy B, Jefferies C (2008) A review of vehicle related metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the UK environment. Desalination 226(1–3):143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.104
Nriagu JO, Pacyna JM (1988) Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals. Nature 333(6169):134–139. https://doi.org/10.1038/333134a0
Onuchin AA, Burenina TA, Zubareva ON, Trefilova OV, Danilova IV (2014) Pollution of snow cover in the impact zone of enterprises in Norilsk Industrial Area. Contemp Problf Ecol 7:714–722. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425514060080
Opekunova MG, Opekunov AY, Kukushkin SY, Ganul AG (2019) Background contents of heavy metals in soils and bottom sediments in the north of Western Siberia. Eurasian Soil Sci 52:380–395. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106422931902011X
Pacyna EG, Pacyna JM, Sundseth K, Munthe J, Kindbom K, Wilson S, Steenhuisen F, Maxson P (2010) Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020. Atmos Environ 44(20):2487–2499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.009
Peng C, Ouyang Z, Wang M, Chen W, Li X, Crittenden JC (2013) Assessing the combined risks of PAHs and metals in urban soils by urbanization indicators. Environ Pollut 178:426–432
Petit P, Maîtrea A, Persoons R, Bicout DJ (2019) Lung cancer risk assessment for workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in various industries. Environ Int 124:109–120
Pozhitkov RY, Tigeev AA, Moskovchenko DV (2021) Estimation of dust depositions in snow cover using earth’s remote sensing data: example of Nizhnevartovsk. Atmos Ocean Opt 34:19–25. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856021010103
Salo H, Berisha AK, Mäkinen J (2016) Seasonal comparison of moss bag technique against vertical snow samples for monitoring atmospheric pollution. J Environ Sci 41:128–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.021
Sarangi C, Qian Y, Rittger K, Leung LR, Chand D, Borman KJ, Painter TH (2020) Dust dominates high-altitude snow darkening and melt over high-mountain Asia. Nat Clim Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00909-3
Sharma M, McBean EA (2001) PAH deposition to snow surface. Env Sci Pollut Res 8(1):11–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987290
Shevchenko VP, Lisitsyn AP, Stein R et al (2007) Distribution and composition of insoluble particles in Arctic snow. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki 75:106–118 (In Russian)
Shevchenko VP, Pokrovsky OS, Vorobyev SN et al (2017) Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient. Hydrol Earth Sys Sci 21:5725–5746. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5725-2017
Shevchenko VP, Vorobyev SN, Krickov IV et al (2020) Insoluble Particles in the Snowpack of the Ob River Basin (Western Siberia) a 2800 km Submeridional Profile. Atmosphere 11:1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111184
Simcik MF, Eisenreich SJ, Lioy PJ (1999) Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan. Atmos Environ 33:5071–5079
Siudek P, Frankowski M, Siepak J (2015) Trace element distribution in the snow cover from an urban area in central Poland. Environ Monit Assess 187:225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4446-1
Smolentsev BA (2002) The structure of the soil cover of the Siberian Uval Rige (the north-taiga subzone of Western Siberia). Publishing house of the SB RAS, Novosibirsk (in Russian)
Soclo HH, Garrigues PH, Ewald M (2000) Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas. Mar Polluti Bull 40(5):387–396
Steinnes E, Friedland AJ (2006) Metal contamination of natural surface soils from long–range atmospheric transport: existing and missing knowledge. Environ Rev 14(3):169–186. https://doi.org/10.1139/a06-002
Stogiannidis E, Laane R (2015) Source characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using their molecular indices: an overview of possibilities. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 234:49–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10638-0_2
Sushkova S, Minkina T, Turina I, Mandzhieva S, Bauer T, Kizilkaya R, Zamulina I (2017) Monitoring of benzo[a]pyrene content in soils under the effect of long-term technogenic pollution. J Geochem Expl 174:100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.02.009
Svistov PF, Polishchuk AI (2014) Atmospheric precipitations over Russian cities and regions. Priroda 3:28–36 (In Russian)
Syso AI, Artamonova VS, Sidorova MY, Ermolov YV, Cherevko AS (2005) Pollution of the atmosphere, snow and soil cover of Novosibirsk. Atmos Ocean Opt 18:593–599 (In Russian)
Syso AI (2007) Patterns of distribution of chemical elements in soil-forming rocks and soils of Western Siberia. Publishing House of SB RAS Novosibirsk (In Russian)
Talovskaya AV, Filimonenko EA, Yazikov EG (2014) Dynamics of the elemental composition of the snow cover in the north-eastern zone of influence of Tomsk-Seversk industrial agglomeration. Atmos Ocean Opt 27(6):491–495
Talovskaya AV, Yazikov EG, Shakhova TS, Filimonenko EA (2016) Assessment of aerotechnogenic pollution: case study in the vicinity of coal-fired and oil-fired local boiler houses in Tomsk region. Bull Tomsk Poly Univ Geo Assets Eng 327(10):116–130
Talovskaya A, Yazikov E, Filimonenko E, Lata JC, Kim J, Shakhova T (2017) Characterization of solid airborne particles deposited in snow in the vicinity of urban fossil fuel thermal power plant (Western Siberia). Environ Technol 39:2288–2303. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1354075
Talovskaya AV, Yazikov EG, Osipova NA, Lyapina EE (2019) Mercury pollution in snow cover around thermal power plants in cities (Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk Regions, Russia). Geogr Environ Sustain 12(4):132–147. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-58
Telmer K, Bonham-Carte GF, Kliza DA, Hall GEM (2004) The atmospheric transport and deposition of smelter emissions: evidence from multi element geochemistry of snow, Quebec, Canada. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68(14):2961–2980
Vasilenko VN, Artemov IE, Belikova TV, Uspin AA (2007) Acid-base characteristics of Russian snow cover. Russ Meteorol Hydrol 32:283–286. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373907040097
Vasilevich MI, Gabov DN, Beznosikov VA, Kondratenok BM (2009) Organic matter in snow cover in the influence zone of emissions from a pulp-and-paper mill. Water Resour 36(2):170–176. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807809020067
Vasilevich MI, Beznosikov VA, Gabov DN (2014) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snow cover of the background territories of the taiga zone of the European northeast of Russia. Environ Geosci 4:337–343 (In Russian)
Veremchuk LV, Tsarouhas K, Vitkina TI, Mineeva EE, Gvozdenko TA, Antonyuk MV, Rakitskii VN, Sidletskaya KA, Tsatsakis AM, Golokhvast KS (2018) Impact evaluation of environmental factors on respiratory function of asthma patients living in urban territory. Environ Pollut 235:489–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.122
Vergnoux A, Malleret L, Asia L, Doumenq P, Theraulaz F (2011) Impact of forest fires on PAH level and distribution in soils. Environ Res 111(2):193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.01.008
Verma MK, Ulmishek GF (2003) Reserve growth in oil fields of west Siberian Basin, Russia. Nat Resour Res 12:105–119. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024210711618
Vijayan A, Österlund H, Marsalek J, Viklander M (2019) Laboratory melting of late-winter urban snow samples: the magnitude and dynamics of releases of heavy metals and PAHs. Water Air Soil Pollut 230:182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4201-2
Vlasov DV, Kasimov NS, Kosheleva NE (2015) Geochemistry of the road dust in the Eastern district of Moscow. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta Geogr 1:23–33 (In Russian)
Vlasov D, Vasil’chuk J, Kosheleva N, Kasimov N (2020) Dissolved and suspended forms of metals and metalloids in snow cover of megacity: partitioning and deposition rates in Western Moscow. Atmosphere 11:907. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090907
Wang X, Pu W, Zhang X, Ren Y, Huang J (2015) Water-soluble ions and trace elements in surface snow and their potential source regions across northeastern China. Atmos Environ 114:57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.012
Wang T, Fu R, Zhou Y et al (2021) Occurrence, source apportionment, and carcinogenic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dusts in Shanghai. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:65621–65632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15532-8
Weather archive of Nizhnevartovsk (2022) https://rp5.ru/Weather_archive_in_Nizhnevartovsk_(airport). Accessed 10 Dec 2022
Wei Y, Liu S, Wang Z et al (2017) The distribution variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between fresh snow and seasonal snowpack in Campus in Changchun City, Northeast China. Water Air Soil Pollut 228:233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3409-2
World Health Organization (2014) Burden of disease from ambient air pollution for 2012–summary of results. WHO, Geneva
Wu G, Wei Q, Sun C, Gao J, Pan L, Guo L (2016) Determination of major and trace elements in snow in Tianjin, China: a three-heating-season survey and assessment. Air Qual Atmos Health 9:687–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-015-0375-y
Xiong D, Wang C (2021) Risk assessment of human exposure to heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and radionuclides in oil-based drilling cutting residues used for roadbed materials in Chongqing, China. Environ Sci Polluti Res 28:48171–48183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13871-0
Xue H, Chen W, Li M, Liu B, Li G, Han X (2020) Assessment of major ions and trace elements in snow: a case study across northeastern China, 2017–2018. Chemosphere 251:126328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126328
Yanchenko NI (2020) Practice of snow cover sampling for chemical analysis. Bulletin of Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Eng 331(12):102–114. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2020/12/2943
Yanchenko NI, Belykh LI (2017) Comparative estimate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow cover at the exhaust zone of aluminum manufactures. Optica Atmosphery I Oceana 30(1):66–71. https://doi.org/10.15372/AOO20170109. (In Russian)
Yuan GL, Sun TH, Han P, Li J, Lang X (2014) Source identification and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in topsoil using environmental geochemical mapping: typical urban renewal area in Beijing, China. Jof Geochem Expl 136:40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.10.002
Yunker MB, Macdonald RW, Vingarzan R et al (2002) PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Org Geochem 32:489–515
Zakaria MP, Takada H, Tsutsumi S, Ohno K, Yamada J, Kouno E, Kumata H (2002) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: a widespread input of petrogenic PAHs. Environ Sci Technol 36(9):1907–1918. https://doi.org/10.1021/es011278
Zavgorodnyaya YA, Chikidova AL, Biryukov MV, Demin VV (2019) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate depositions and urban soils of Moscow, Russia. J Soils Sedim 19(8):3155–3165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2067-3
Zavgorodnyaya YA, Popovicheva OB, Kobelev VO, Starodymova DP, Shevchenko VP, Kasimov NS (2021) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the snowpack of Yamal-Nenetz Autonomous region as indicators of anthropogenic source influence. Arctic Antarctic Res 67(3):261–279. https://doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-3-261-279. (In Russian)
Zdanowicz C, Zheng J, Klimenk E, Outridge PM (2017) Mercury and other trace metals in the seasonal snowpack across the subarctic taiga-tundra ecotone, Northwest Territories, Canada. Appl Geochem 82:63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.04.011
Zhang X, Wang Y, Guo S et al (2020) Concentration and speciation of trace metals and metalloids from road-deposited sediments in urban and rural areas of Beijing, China. J Soils Sedim 20:3487–3501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02702-3
Zhang F, Meng B, Gao S et al (2021) Levels, inventory, and risk assessment of heavy metals in wetland ecosystem, Northeast China: Implications for snow cover monitoring. Water 13:2161. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162161
Zheng T, Ran Y, Chen L (2014) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rural soils of Dongjiang River Basin: occurrence, source apportionment, and potential human health risk. J Soils Sedim 14:110–120
Zhidkin AP, Gennadiev AN, Koshovskii TS (2017) Input and behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in arable, fallow, and forest soils of the taiga zone (Tver oblast). Eurasian Soil Sci 50:296–304. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229317030139
Zhuravleva NV, Potokina RR, Ismagilov ZR, Khabibulina ER (2014) Pollution of snow cover with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toxic elements for Novokuznetsk as example. Chem Sustain Dev 22(5):445–454 (In Russian)
Zhurba OM, Alekseyenko AN, Shayakhmetov SF, Merinov AV (2019) Study of polycyclic aromatic and petroleum hydrocarbons in a snow cover in an urbanized territory. Gigiena i Sanitaria 98(10):1037–1042. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-10-1037-1042. (In Russian)
Zuo Q, Duan YH, Yang Y, Wang XJ, Tao S (2007) Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in Tianjin. China Environ Pollut 147(2):303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.029
Funding
The main part of the present work was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 19-05-50062) «Ecological and geochemical assessment of snow and road dust in the Northern regions of Western Siberia». The comparison of the pollution levels has been made as part of the project 121041600045-8 funded by Russian Ministry of Science and Education.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Consent for Publication
Not applicable (this paper does not contain any individual person’s data in any form).
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Moskovchenko, D.V., Pozhitkov, R.Y., Minkina, T.M. et al. Trace Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Snow Cover of the City of Nizhnevartovsk (Western Siberia, Russia). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 84, 101–118 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00974-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00974-z