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Molecular Breeding and Marker-Assisted Selection for Crop Improvement

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Plant Genomics for Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

In an era of speedily increasing population and unpredictable incidence of climate changes, enhancing agricultural productivity has imposed a big challenge to the crop scientists. The situation becomes graver with the continuously shrinking land resources. To cope up with such an alarming situation, it will be quite beneficial to intervene the recent modern tools of genomics like molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection for crop improvement. Marker-assisted breeding involving trait introgression for biotic and abiotic resistance, breaking the genetic plateau and quality improvement will require a prior attention. In this chapter, we present an outline of the conventional breeding techniques, molecular breeding involving marker-assisted selection/breeding, DNA markers and mapping populations that have massive potential to perk up the effectiveness and accuracy of conventional plant breeding through marker-assisted selection (MAS), advantages of marker-assisted selection and its commonly used applications in plant breeding. Consideration is also given to genotyping methodologies and exploitation of genetic diversity. Finally, the approaches to study genotype-phenotype associations like QTL mapping, GWAS/Association mapping, transcriptomics and other techniques will also be discussed. Achieving a significant impact on crop improvement by MAS represents the great challenge as well as opportunity for agricultural scientists. The objective of this chapter is to present and describe the methods of molecular breeding and their genetic underpinnings.

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  1. Department of Genetis & Plant Breeding, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Akarsh Parihar

  2. Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Shiwani

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  1. Akarsh Parihar
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  2. Shiwani
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  1. Nilamber-Pitamber University, Medininagar, Jharkhand, India

    Ram Lakhan Singh

  2. Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition & Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Sukanta Mondal

  3. Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Akarsh Parihar

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India

    Pradeep Kumar Singh

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© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Parihar, A., Shiwani (2022). Molecular Breeding and Marker-Assisted Selection for Crop Improvement. In: Singh, R.L., Mondal, S., Parihar, A., Singh, P.K. (eds) Plant Genomics for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6974-3_6

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