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Eco-Friendly Bioremediation Approach for Dye Removal from Wastewaters: Challenges and Prospects

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Climate Resilience and Environmental Sustainability Approaches

Abstract

Discharge of huge quantities of toxic dyes along with textile wastewaters causes irreversible damage to the aquatic ecosystems on entering the rivers or streams. The conventional physico-chemical treatment methods being costly, energy intensive and less efficient in dye removal have necessitated looking for novel methods of treatment. The bioremediation approach involving biological systems has emerged as a more effective, less expensive, less energy demanding and eco-friendly treatment method for dyes. The present chapter focuses on the use of pure and mixed bacterial cultures isolated from different habitats for bioremediation of Reactive dyes, a widely used and toxic group of azo dyes. The effects of various process parameters including both nutritional and physical factors viz. carbon and nitrogen source, temperature, pH, agitation and presence or absence of oxygen on dye decolorization have been critically reviewed along with possibilities of process optimization for enhanced dye degradation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) models. The chapter also highlights the biotransformation pathways followed by different types of microbes and the role of enzymes responsible for dye degradation. Biotoxicity assays that could be conducted to examine the dye detoxifying capability of the microbe have also been discussed. A critical appraisal of the bioremediation approach, its limitations, major challenges and future perspectives opens avenues for its application as an economically and environmentally sustainable treatment method for dye-laden wastewaters, so that the treated waters could be used safely for some designated purposes, thus helping in meeting the goals of sustainable water management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India

    Yogita Prabhakar, Anshu Gupta & Anubha Kaushik

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  1. Yogita Prabhakar
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  2. Anshu Gupta
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  3. Anubha Kaushik
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Correspondence to Anshu Gupta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India

    Anubha Kaushik

  2. Environment Committee, PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Delhi, India

    C. P. Kaushik

  3. India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Delhi, India

    S. D. Attri

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© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Prabhakar, Y., Gupta, A., Kaushik, A. (2021). Eco-Friendly Bioremediation Approach for Dye Removal from Wastewaters: Challenges and Prospects. In: Kaushik, A., Kaushik, C.P., Attri, S.D. (eds) Climate Resilience and Environmental Sustainability Approaches. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0902-2_15

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