Abstract
Best known for their role in generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are responsible for a wide variety of vital cellular processes including apoptosis, maintenance of calcium homeostasis, redox signaling, steroid synthesis, and lipid metabolism. The mitochondria are dynamic organelles, responding to changing cellular physiology, nutrient availability, and energy demands by changing in function as well as shape, size, distribution, and number. Given the many important roles of the mitochondria for normal cellular function, it is not surprising that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in a wide variety of diseases and medical disorders. Despite several mechanisms to combat the leakage of electrons that accompanies electron transfer during the process of oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are the primary producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in most cell types. Given the importance of mitochondria in health and disease, the effects of the antioxidant and glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), on mitochondrial function have been examined in many studies of a wide variety of medical conditions. The purpose of this review is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the effects of NAC on mitochondrial metabolism.
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Online Table 5.1
Cardiovascular in vitro studies utilizing NAC (DOCX 253 kb)
Online Table 5.2
Diabetes in vitro studies utilizing NAC (DOCX 18 kb)
Online Table 5.3
Studies of central nervous system (CNS) disorders utilizing NAC (DOCX 18 kb)
Online Table 5.4
Studies of neurodegenerative diseases utilizing NAC (DOCX 21 kb)
Online Table 5.5
Studies of liver conditions utilizing NAC (DOCX 18 kb)
Online Table 5.6
Studies utilizing NAC to protect mitochondria in hypoxic conditions (DOCX 17 kb)
Online Table 5.7
In vitro cancer studies utilizing NAC (DOCX 91 kb)
Online Table 5.8
Toxicity studies utilizing NAC (DOCX 55 kb)
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Rose, S., Bennuri, S.C. (2019). Mitochondrial Metabolism. In: Frye, R., Berk, M. (eds) The Therapeutic Use of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in Medicine. Adis, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5311-5_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5311-5_5
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