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Biosynthesis of Salvia Specialized Metabolites and Biotechnological Approaches to Increase Their Production

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Salvia Biotechnology

Abstract

Aromatic Salvia species are particularly valuable for providing several bioactive compounds used as food additives, pigments, cosmetics, perfumes and fine chemicals. Within the Lamiaceae family, the Salvia genus, with more than 900 species, biosynthesizes a plethora of beneficial metabolites including terpenes, steroids and polyphenols. The whole plant can be considered a factory of bioactive compounds, but plant cell and tissue cultures are also an attractive sustainable alternative to cultivation. Salvia cell cultures can readily be initiated from different explants, including leaves, roots, stems, petioles, anthers and seedlings; however high metabolites accumulation in plant tissue and cell culture is a prerequisite for massive production of these bioactive compounds. In this chapter, the occurrence and tissue distribution of specialized metabolites in several Salvia species, especially flavonoids and diterpenoids, will be reviewed along with recent advances in the understanding of biosynthetic pathways as well as regulatory mechanisms leading to their biosynthesis. We will focus on the recent biotechnological approaches aimed at enhancing the final biomass and metabolite accumulation in Salvia cell and tissue cultures. Advances in metabolic engineering strategies will be also summarized, reporting relevant and successful results and potential pitfalls, in order to provide valuable perspectives for developing cell and tissue cultures as a reliable and standardized biomass platform for the extraction of Salvia bioactive metabolites.

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Abbreviations

4C-DHPL:

4-coumaroyl-3′4′-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid

4CL:

4-coumarate-CoA ligase

AtPAP1:

Arabidopsis Production of Anthocyanin Pigment

AtPIF5:

Phytochrome-interacting factor 5

BA:

6-benzylaminopurine

BABA:

β-Aminobutyricacid

C4H:

Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase

CcCls:

Cistus creticus copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase

CGA:

Chlorogenic acid

CPS:

Copalyl diphosphate synthase

CT:

cryptotanshinone

CYP:

Cytochrome P450

DHPL:

3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid

diTPS:

Diterpene synthases

DMAPP:

Dimethylallyl diphosphate

DW:

Dry weight

FPP:

(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate

GGPP:

(E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate

GPP:

geranyl diphosphate

HPPR:

Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

IPP:

Isopentenyl diphosphate

KSL:

Kaurene synthase-like

KSs:

Ent-kaurene synthases

MEP:

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate

MJ:

Methyl jasmonate

MVA:

Mevalonate pathway

NAA:

Naphthaleneacetic acid

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

RA:

Rosmarinic acid

RAS:

Rosmarinic acid synthase

SsSS:

S. sclarea sclareol synthase

TAT:

Tyrosine aminotransferase

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

TF:

Transcriptional factors

WHO:

World Health Organization

YE:

Yeast extract

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Acknowledgements

The data reported in this chapter reflect the advances reported for Salvia species according to our current knowledge of the bibliographic data. We apologize if we have omitted any major work but, in spite of every effort by all the authors, it is impossible to cite every reference.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research (CNR-IBBR), National Research Council of Italy, Portici, NA, Italy

    Alessandra Ruggiero, Valentina Tranchida-Lombardo, Marina Tucci & Teresa Docimo

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, NA, Italy

    Vincenzo D’Amelia

  3. Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy

    Antonietta Leone

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  1. Vincenzo D’Amelia
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  2. Alessandra Ruggiero
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  3. Valentina Tranchida-Lombardo
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  4. Antonietta Leone
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  5. Marina Tucci
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  6. Teresa Docimo
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Correspondence to Teresa Docimo .

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  1. Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology-BAS, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Vasil Georgiev

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Atanas Pavlov

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D’Amelia, V., Ruggiero, A., Tranchida-Lombardo, V., Leone, A., Tucci, M., Docimo, T. (2017). Biosynthesis of Salvia Specialized Metabolites and Biotechnological Approaches to Increase Their Production. In: Georgiev, V., Pavlov, A. (eds) Salvia Biotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73900-7_7

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