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Nutritional Outcomes

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Minimally Invasive Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery

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Abstract

Bariatric surgery began more than 50 years ago with the introduction of the jejunoileal bypass. From then on, many operations designed to induce weight loss, were introduced (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 1967, biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) in 1976, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in 1985), with high success rates in weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. However, with time, a range of long-term nutritional problems have been identified as a consequence of bariatric surgery. Nutritional consequences of bariatric surgery depend obviously both on the surgical procedure involved and on the amount of weight loss. Whereas after simply restrictive procedures, such as laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding (LASGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), specific nutrient deficiencies are rare, because the anatomy and the physiology of the small intestine is left intact, after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), that instead reroute food, respectively, through the upper and lower small bowel, iron, calcium, vitamin B complex, liposoluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), and zinc deficiencies are very common. In addition, after malabsorptive procedures, such as BPD with or without duodenal switch and distal gastric bypass, protein–energy malnutrition (PEM), a rare but very serious complications, can occur. This section analyzes the mechanism, symptomatology, strategy for prevention, and therapy of the main long-term nutritional and metabolic problems resulting from bariatric surgery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy

    Giovanni Camerini

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  1. Giovanni Camerini
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Correspondence to Giovanni Camerini .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. General and Emergency Surgery, Bariatric Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy

    Marcello Lucchese

  2. Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Nicola Scopinaro

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Camerini, G. (2015). Nutritional Outcomes. In: Lucchese, M., Scopinaro, N. (eds) Minimally Invasive Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15356-8_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15356-8_27

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