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Plant Secondary Metabolites and Their Impact on Human Health

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Nano-Biofortification for Human and Environmental Health

Part of the book series: Sustainable Plant Nutrition in a Changing World ((SPNCW))

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Abstract

Secondary metabolites (SM) are compounds which are not only very important for plant survival but also play an essential role in their mechanism of action and have a number of medicinal properties to improve human health. Its content varies with plant species and horticultural plants are excellent sources of SM. These compounds have antioxidant activity that alleviates many ailments and promotes good health. The SM comes from different families of metabolites that can be highly variable in response to stress. It includes alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, glycosides, tannins, and resins which are used successfully in important dietary supplements, flavors, and important industrial medicines. These SM have the potential to improve human health by mitigating the negative effects of certain chronic diseases and aging. Certain components found in horticultural crops are considered to reduce the cancer of risk, protect the genome, develop immune system, and eliminate toxins. Among the various plant metabolites, polyphenols act primarily as free scavengers, reduce oxidative stress, are anti-mutagenic, and play a role in cancer and heart disease prevention and the development of atherosclerosis. The composition of SM in plants is strongly influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. Low SM production in plants can be improved through the use of various elicitors. This chapter discusses different types of SM, biosynthesis methods, and regenerative mechanisms using various biotic (hormones, proteins, fungi, bacteria, carbohydrates) and abiotic elicitors (drought, light, heavy metals, high and low temperatures, salt) that can bring about an increase in the yield of SM.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to the Director of the ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, for encouraging to write this book chapter.

Authors Contribution

Conceptualization of chapter (NLal, G Diwan AO Shirale); Collection of literature (NLal, AO shirale, P Gurav, K Rani, G Diwan); preparation of the manuscript (NL, AO shirale, P Gurav, K Rani, G Diwan); editing and corrections (BP Meena, N Sahu, AK Biswas).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Narayan Lal, Nisha Sahu, Abhay O. Shirale, Priya Gurav, Khushboo Rani, B. P. Meena & A. K. Biswas

  2. CoA, Surgi, Rajnandgaon, IGKVV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Garima Diwan

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  1. Narayan Lal
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Vishnu D. Rajput

  2. Soil & Water Department Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shiek, Egypt

    Hassan El-Ramady

  3. University Jaunpur, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sudhir K. Upadhyay

  4. Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Tatiana Minkina

  5. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea (Republic of)

    Bilal Ahmed

  6. Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Saglara Mandzhieva

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Lal, N. et al. (2023). Plant Secondary Metabolites and Their Impact on Human Health. In: Rajput, V.D., El-Ramady, H., Upadhyay, S.K., Minkina, T., Ahmed, B., Mandzhieva, S. (eds) Nano-Biofortification for Human and Environmental Health. Sustainable Plant Nutrition in a Changing World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35147-1_15

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