Abstract
Despite the advanced technology in agriculture, the majority of yield losses are caused by diseases and pests in the world. The developing new resistant cultivars and chemical control are the two most commonly used methods for preventing yield losses. However, the usage of chemicals during agricultural production disrupts the balance of a hidden ongoing warfare of which is being waged by various fungi against pathogens in the root rhizosphere. The way to prevent yield loss without disturbing the balance is to emerge as biological control or control pest and diseases by using living things over the past decades. The living things named as beneficial organisms have some specific mechanism of controlling pathogens in the rhizosphere zone; competition for space and nutrients, mycoparasitism, antibiosis, mycovirus-related prevention, siderophore, and induced systemic resistance. The aim of this chapter is to explain these mechanisms at the molecular level and reveal their relationship with agriculturally produced plants. In addition to these mechanisms, the chapter also explains some model organisms such as Trichoderma spp., AMFs, and their biocontrol activity at the molecular levels.
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Abbreviations
- ABC:
-
ATP-Binding Cassette
- ALMT:
-
Aluminum-activate malate transporter family
- CASTOR:
-
Nuclear cation (K+) channel
- CCaMK:
-
Calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase
- CDPK:
-
Ca2+-dependent protein kinase
- CHS:
-
Chalcone synthase
- Cmoxdc:
-
Toxins
- CNGC15:
-
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels
- CSP:
-
Cold-shock protein
- CSSP:
-
Common symbiotic signaling pathway
- CWDE:
-
Cell-wall-degrading enzymes
- DAMPs:
-
Damage-associated molecular patterns
- DMI:
-
Doesn’t Make Infections
- DMI3:
-
Doesn’t Make Infections 3
- EIN2:
-
Ethylene-response modulator
- ET:
-
Ethylene
- FsC:
-
Fusarinine
- GPCRs:
-
Heterotrimeric G proteins
- Gtt1:
-
Glucose transporter
- Ham5, STE-50:
-
Subunits of MAK1/MAK2
- IRGF:
-
Iron-responsive GATA-factor
- ISR:
-
Induced systemic resistance
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide
- LRR:
-
Leucine-rich repeat
- LysM RLKs:
-
LysM-domain containing receptor-like kinases
- MAK-1:
-
Mitogen-activated kinase-1
- MAK-2:
-
Mitogen-activated kinase-2
- MAMPs:
-
Microbe-associated molecular patterns
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MATE:
-
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family
- MFS:
-
The major facilitator superfamily
- MiSSP:
-
Mycorrhiza-induced small secreted proteins
- MTI:
-
MAMP-triggered immunity
- Myc-Cos:
-
Short oligosaccharides
- Myc-LCOs:
-
Lipochitooligosaccharides
- NB:
-
Nucleotide-binding
- Nep1:
-
Protein like cell wall epitope
- NORK:
-
LysM RLKs like receptor protein for rhizobacteria
- NRC1, MEK-2:
-
Subunits of MAK1/MAK2
- NRPS:
-
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases
- ORFs:
-
Open reading frames
- PAL:
-
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
- PAMPs:
-
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PiPT:
-
Phosphate transporter
- PKS:
-
Polyketide synthases
- PMTK:
-
Small antifungal proteins
- POLLUX:
-
Nuclear cation (K+) channel related protein
- PR:
-
Pathogenesis related proteins
- PRRs:
-
Pattern recognition receptors
- PTI:
-
PAMP-triggered immunity
- RDRP:
-
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- SAR:
-
Systemic acquired resistance
- SB:
-
Siderophore biosynthesis
- SIT:
-
Siderophore-iron transporter
- SL:
-
Strigolactones
- SSPs:
-
Small secreted proteins
- STRIPAK:
-
Phosphorylate nuclear membrane localized protein
- SYMRK:
-
LysM RLKs like receptor protein for fungus
- TAFC:
-
Triacetylfusarinine C
- TFs:
-
Transcription factors
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Can, H., Seymen, M., Turkmen, O. (2022). Beneficial Fungal Strain: Molecular Approaches in Plant Disease Management. In: Kumar, A. (eds) Microbial Biocontrol: Sustainable Agriculture and Phytopathogen Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87512-1_1
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