Abstract
Over the past decades, chemical pesticides have been successfully used to control insect pests. However, excessive use of insecticides has led to the development of pesticide resistance in the targeted insects, as well as caused several environmental and human health hazards. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the highly attractive alternative approaches to chemical pesticides. Various chemical, physical and biological methods are used to generate a variety of organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). However, NPs generated by non-biological methods are unstable, expensive and environmentally hazardous due to the use of toxic chemicals and energy expensive methods. In the recent years, microbial synthesis of NPs has become popular and microorganisms are considered as potential sources of bioactive NPs. Bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia, Escerichia coli, cyanobacteria such as Plectonema boryanum, actinobacteria such as Thermomonospora, Actinobacter, yeasts such as Candida glabrata, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and fungi (Verticillium, Fusarium) are widely used for the synthesis of nanomaterials. Toxic effects of metal NPs such as Ag, Au, Al, Si, Zn, and ZnO have been proven successfully against a wide range of insects. NPs have significant impact on the insect’s antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, protein synthesis, gene regulation thus leading to oxidative stress, disrupting development and reproduction, enzymes denaturation and cell death. NPs have been mainly tested against a wide number of arthropod pests and vectors and their usage in crop pest management is under progress. Currently, studies are being carried out to improve the quality and synthesis efficiency of microbial-based NPs and nanopesticides.
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Nivetha, N. et al. (2021). Microbial-Based Nanoparticles as Potential Approach of Insect Pest Management. In: Khan, M.A., Ahmad, W. (eds) Microbes for Sustainable lnsect Pest Management. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67231-7_7
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