Abstract
Polarized epithelia generate regulated water flows and solute fluxes for serving extracellular homeostasis, which imposes changes in epithelial water volume and osmolyte concentrations that would be critical to normal function if not regulated. The studies have been challenged by the fact that epithelia may contain more than one cell type, and by the large osmotic permeability of some epithelial membranes that presupposes successful elimination of unstirred layer effects following aniso-osmotic perturbations.
Illustrated by several examples applying a range of methods, we review studies showing that volume regulation is governed by principles similar to non-polarized cells by having acquired well-developed regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and regulatory volume increase (RVI). RVI may not be seen unless the cell has undergone a prior RVD. The rate of RVD and RVI is faster in cells of high osmotic permeability like amphibian gallbladder and mammalian proximal tubule as compared to amphibian skin and mammalian cortical collecting tubule of low and intermediate osmotic permeability. Cross talk between entrance and exit mechanisms interferes with volume regulation both at aniso-osmotic and isosmotic volume perturbations. For example, the inevitable volume increase resulting from Na+/K+ pump arrest is delayed by inhibition of Na+ and K+ leak permeabilities. This may even be preceded by a transient volume decrease associated with a reduction of the cytosolic Cl− pool if kept above equilibrium by downhill Na+ entrance. It has been proposed that cell volume regulation is an intrinsic function of isoosmotic fluid transport that depends on Na+ recirculation. The causative relationship is discussed for amphibian skin epithelium and submucosal glands in which all major ion transporters and channels including the Na+ recirculation mechanisms have been identified.
A large number of transporters and ion channels involved in volume regulation have been cloned. The volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) exhibiting specific electrophysiological characteristics seems exclusively to serve volume regulation. This is contrary to several subfamilies of K+ channels as well as cotransporters and exchange mechanisms that may serve both transepithelial transport and cell volume regulation. In the same cell, these functions may be maintained by different ion pathways that are separately regulated. RVD is often preceded by an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ probably via influx through TRP channels and/or release from intracellular stores. Cell volume regulation is associated with specific ATP release mechanisms and involves mitogen-activated protein kinases, WNKs, and Ste20-related kinases that are modulated by osmotic stress.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abascal F, Zardoya R (2012) LRRC8 proteins share a common ancestor with pannexins, and may form hexameric channels involved in cell-cell communication. Bioassays 34:551–560
Agre P, Christensen EI, Smith BL, Nielsen S (1993a) Distribution of the aquaporin CHIP in secretory and resorbtive epithelia and capillary endothelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:7275–7279
Agre P, Knepper MA, Christensen EI, Smith BL, Nielsen S (1993b) CHIP28 water channels are localized in constitutively water-permeable segments of the nephron. J Cell Biol 120:371–383
Akita T, Fedorovich SV, Okada Y (2011) Ca2+ nanodomain-mediated component of swelling-induced volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion current triggered by autocrine action of ATP in mouse astrocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 28:1181–1190
Almaca J, Tian YM, Aldehni F, Ousingsawat J, Kongsuphol P, Rock JR, Harfe BD, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K (2009) TMEM16 proteins produce volume-regulated chloride currents that are reduced in mice lacking TMEM16A. J Biol Chem 284:28571–28578
Alpern RJ (1987) Apical membrane chloride base-exchange in the rat proximal convoluted tubule. J Clin Invest 79:1026–1030
Altenberg GA, Reuss L (2013) Mechanisms of water transport across cell membranes and epithelia. In: Alpern RJ, Caplan M, Moe OW (eds) Seldin and Giebisch’s the kidney physiology and pathophysiology. Elsevier, Academic Press, pp 95–120
Anazco C, Pena-Munzenmayer G, Araya C, Cid LP, Sepulveda FV, Niemeyer MI (2013) G protein modulation of K2P potassium channel TASK-2: a role of basic residues in the C terminus domain. Pflugers Arch 465:1715–1726
Andersen HK, Urbach V, Van Kerkhove E, Prosser E, Harvey BJ (1994) Maxi K+ channels in the basolateral membrane of the exocrine frog skin gland regulated by intracellular calcium and pH. Pflugers Arch 431:52–65
Andronic J, Bobak N, Bittner S, Ehling P, Kleinschnitz C, Herrmann AM, Zimmermann H, Sauer M, Wiendl H, Budde T, Meuth SG, Sukhorukov VL (2013) Identification of two-pore domain potassium channels as potent modulators of osmotic volume regulation in human T lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1828:699–707
Ares GR, Caceres PS, Ortiz PA (2011) Molecular regulation of NKCC2 in the thick ascending limb. Am J Cell Physiol Cell Physiol 301:F1143–F1159
Arniges M, Vazquez E, Fernandez-Fernandez JM, Valverde MA (2004) Swelling-activated Ca2+ entry via TRPV4 channel is defective in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. J Biol Chem 279:54062–54068
Artym VV, Petty HR (2002) Molecular proximity of Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channels and beta(1)-integrins on the plasma membrane of melanoma cells: effects of cell adherence and channel blockers. J Gen Physiol 120:29–37
Attaphitaya S, Nehrke K, Melvin JE (2001) Acute inhibition of brain-specific Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 5 by protein kinases A and C and cell shrinkage. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1146–C1157
Bachmann O, Heinzmann A, Mack A, Manns MP, Seidler U (2007) Mechanisms of secretion-associated shrinkage and volume recovery in cultured rabbit parietal cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver 292:G711–G717
Bachmann O, Juric M, Seidler U, Manns MP, Yu H (2011) Basolateral ion transporters involved in colonic epithelial electrolyte absorption, anion secretion and cellular homeostasis. Acta Physiol 201:33–46
Bagnasco S, Balaban RS, Fales HM, Yang YM, Burg M (1986) Predominant osmotically active organic solutes in rat and rabbit renal medullas. J Biol Chem 261:5872–5877
Bahn YS, Kojima K, Cox GM, Heitman J (2006) A unique fungal two-component system regulates stress responses, drug sensitivity, sexual development, and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Biol Cell 17:3122–3135
Bahn YS, Xue CY, Idnurm A, Rutherford JC, Heitman J, Cardenas ME (2007) Sensing the environment: lessons from fungi. Nat Rev Microbiol 5:57–69
Balaban RS, Burg MB (1987) Osmotically active organic solutes in the renal inner medulla. Kidney Int 31:562–564
Barriere H, Belfodil R, Rubera I, Tauc M, Lesage F, Poujeol C, Guy N, Barhanin J, Poujeol P (2003) Role of TASK2 potassium channels regarding volume regulation in primary cultures of mouse proximal tubules. J Gen Physiol 122:177–190
Beck JS, Potts DJ (1990) Cell swelling, cotransport activation and potassium conductance in isolated perfused rabbit kidney proximal tubules. J Physiol 425:369–378
Begenisich T, Nakamoto T, Ovitt CE, Nehrke K, Brugnara C, Alper SL, Melvin JE (2004) Physiological roles of the intermediate conductance, Ca2+-activated potassium channel Kcnn4. J Biol Chem 279:47681–47687
Bellantuono V, Cassano G, Lippe C (2008) The adrenergic receptor substypes in frog (Rana esculenta) skin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 148:160–164
Bittner S, Bobak N, Herrmann AM, Gobel K, Meuth P, Hohn KG, Stenner MP, Budde T, Wiendl H, Meuth SG (2010) Upregulation of K2P5.1 potassium channels in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 68:58–69
Bobak N, Bittner S, Andronic J, Hartmann S, Muhlpfordt F, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Wolf K, Schmelter C, Gobel K, Meuth P, Zimmermann H, Doring F, Wischmeyer E, Budde T, Wiendl H, Meuth SG, Sukhorukov VL (2011) Volume regulation of murine T lymphocytes relies on voltage-dependent and two-pore domain potassium channels. Biochim Biophys Acta 1808:2036–2044
Boese SH, Kinne RK, Wehner F (1996) Single channel properties of swelling-activated anion conductance in rat inner medullary collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 271:F1224–F1233
Bookstein C, Musch MW, Depaoli A, Xie Y, Villereal M, Rao MC, Chang EB (1994) A unique sodium-hydrogen exchange isoform (Nhe-4) of the inner medulla of the rat-kidney is induced by hyperosmolarity. J Biol Chem 269:29704–29709
Boucher RC (1994) Human airway ion transport. Part I. Am J Respir Crit Care 150:271–281
Boucher RC (1999) Molecular insights into the physiology of the 'thin film' of airway surface liquid. J Physiol 516:631–638
Boucher RC (2003) Regulation of airway surface liquid volume by human airway epithelia. Pflugers Arch 445:495–498
Breton S, Brown D (2013) Regulation of luminal acidification by the V-ATPase. Physiology 28:318–329
Browe DM, Baumgarten CM (2004) Angiotensin II (AT1) receptors and NADPH oxidase regulate Cl- current elicited by beta 1 integrin stretch in rabbit ventricular myocytes. J Gen Physiol 124:273–287
Burg MB (2000) Macromolecular crowding as a cell volume sensor. Cell Physiol Biochem 10:251–256
Burg MB, Knepper MA (1986) Single tubule perfusion techniques. Kidney Int 30:166–170
Burg MB, Kwon ED, Kultz D (1997) Regulation of gene expression by hypertonicity. Annu Rev Physiol 59:437–455
Burg MB, Ferraris JD, Dmitrieva NI (2007) Cellular response to hyperosmotic stresses. Physiol Rev 87:1441–1474
Cahalan MD, Chandy KG (2009) The functional network of ion channels in T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 231:59–87
Cai L, Friedman N, Xie XS (2006) Stochastic protein expression in individual cells at the single molecule level. Nature 440:358–362
Cala PM (1980) Volume regulation by amphiuma red-blood-cells - nature of the ion flux pathways. Fed Proc 39:379–379
Calderone V (2002) Large-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels: function, pharmacology and drugs. Curr Med Chem 9:1385–1395
Cantiello HF, Patenaude CR, Ausiello DA (1989) G-protein subunit, alpha-I-3, activates a pertussis toxin-sensitive Na+ channel from the epithelial-cell line, A6. J Biol Chem 264:20867–20870
Carpi-Medina P, Whittembury G (1988) Comparison of transcellular and transepithelial water osmotic permeabilities (Pos) in the isolated proximal straight tubule (PST) of the rabbit kidney. Pflugers Arch 412:66–74
Carpi-Medina P, Gonzáles E, Whittembury G (1983) Cell osmotic water permeability of isolated rabbit proximal convoluted tubules. Am J Phys 244:F554–F563
Carpi-Medina P, Lindemann B, Gonzáles E, Whittembury G (1984) The continous measurement of tubular volume changes in response to step changes in contraluminal osmolarity. Pflugers Arch 400:343–348
Cassola AC, Mollenhauer M, Frömter E (1983) The intracellular chloride activity of rat kidney proximal tubular cells. Pflugers Arch 399:259–265
Chamberlin ME, Strange K (1989) Anisosmotic cell volume regulation: a comparative view. Am J Phys 257:C159–C173
Chase HS, Alawqati Q (1983) Calcium reduces the sodium permeability of luminal membrane-vesicles from toad bladder - studies using a fast-reaction apparatus. J Gen Physiol 81:643–665
Choe K, Strange K (2009) Volume regulation and osmosensing in animal cells. In: Evans DH (ed) Osmotic and ionic regulation cells and animals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 37–67
Christensen AP, Corey DP (2007) TRP channels in mechanosensation: direct or indirect activation? Nat Rev Neurosci 8:510–521
Cid LP, Roa-Rojas HA, Niemeyer MI, Gonzalez W, Araki M, Araki K, Sepulveda FV (2013) TASK-2: a K2P K+ channel with complex regulation and diverse physiological functions. Front Physiol 4:198
Cohen DM (2005) TRPV4 and the mammalian kidney. Pflugers Arch 451:168–175
Cook DI, Van Lennep EW, Roberts ML, Young JA (1994) Secretion by the major salivary glands. In: Physiology of the gastrointestial tract, pp 1061–1117
Copp J, Wiley S, Ward MW, van der Geer P (2005) Hypertonic shock inhibits growth factor receptor signaling, induces caspase-3 activation, and causes reversible fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 288:C403–C415
Cotton CU, Weinstein AM, Reuss L (1989) Osmotic water permeability of Necturus gallbladder epithelium. J Gen Physiol 93:649–679
Curran PF (1960) Na, Cl, and water transport by rat ileum in vitro. J Gen Physiol 43:1137–1148
Dartsch PC, Kolb HA, Beckmann M, Lang F (1994) Morphological alterations and cytoskeletal reorganization in opossum kidney (Ok) cells during osmotic swelling and volume regulation. Histochemistry 102:69–75
Davis CW, Finn AL (1982) Sodium transport inhibition by amiloride reduces basolateral membrane potassium conductance in tight epithelia. Science 216:525–527
Davis CW, Finn AL (1985) Effects of mucosal sodium removal on cell volume in Necturus gallbladder epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 249:C304–C312
Delpire E (2009) The mammalian family of sterile 20p-like protein kinases. Pflugers Arch 458:953–967
Delpire E, Austin TM (2010) Kinase regulation of Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransport in primary afferent neurons. J Physiol 588:3365–3373
Devor DC, Frizzell RA (1993) Calcium-mediated agonists activate an inwardly rectified K+ channel in colonic secretory cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 265:C1271–C1280
Di Ciano-Oliveira C, Sirokmany G, Szaszi K, Arthur WT, Masszi A, Peterson M, Rotstein OD, Kapus A (2003) Hyperosmotic stress activates Rho: differential involvement in Rho kinase-dependent MLC phosphorylation and NKCC activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 285:C555–C566
Di Ciano-Oliveira C, Thirone ACP, Szaszi K, Kapus A (2006) Osmotic stress and the cytoskeleton: the R(h)ole of Rho GTPases. Acta Physiol 187:257–272
Diamond JM (1964) Transport of salt and water in rabbit and Guinea pig gallbladder. J Gen Physiol 48:1–14
Diamond JM (1982) Trans-cellular cross-talk between epithelial-cell membranes. Nature 300:683–685
Diamond JM, Bossert WH (1967) Standing-gradient osmotic flow. A mechanism for coupling of water and solute transport in epithelia. J Gen Physiol 50:2061–2083
Donowitz M, Tse CM, Fuster D (2013) SLC9/NHE gene family, a plasma membrane and organellar family of Na+/H+ exchangers. Mol Asp Med 34:236–251
Dörge A, Rick R, Beck F-X, Thurau K (1985) Cl transport across the basolateral membrane in frog skin epithelium. Pflugers Arch 405(Suppl 1):S8–S11
Douglas IJ, Brown PD (1996) Regulatory volume increase in rat lacrimal gland acinar cells. J Membr Biol 150:209–217
Dube L, Parent L, Sauve R (1990) Hypotonic shock activates a maxi K+ channel in primary cultured proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 259:F348–F356
Eggermont J, Trouet D, Carton I, Nilius B (2001) Cellular function and control of volume-regulated anion channels. Cell Biochem Biophys 35:263–274
Elsing C, Gosch I, Hennings JC, Hubner CA, Herrmann T (2007) Mechanisms of hypotonic inhibition of the sodium, proton exchanger type 1 (NHE1) in a biliary epithelial cell line (Mz-Cha-1). Acta Physiol 190:199–208
Enyedi P, Czirjak G (2010) Molecular background of leak K+ currents: two-pore domain potassium channels. Physiol Rev 90:559–605
Ericson A, Spring KR (1982a) Coupled NaCl entry into Necturus gallbladder epithelial-cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 243:C140–C145
Ericson AC, Spring KR (1982b) Volume regulation by Necturus gallbladder - apical Na+-H+ and Cl−-HCO3− exchange. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 243:C146–C150
Ernst SA, Mills JW (1977) Basolateral plasma membrane localization of ouabain-sensitive sodium transport sites in the secretory epithelium of the avian salt gland. J Cell Biol 75:74–94
Evans RL, Park K, Turner RJ, Watson GE, Nguyen HV, Dennett MR, Hand AR, Flagella M, Shull GE, Melvin JE (2000) Severe impairment of salivation in Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1)-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 275:26720–26726
Evans DH, Piermarini PM, Choe KP (2005) The multifunctional fish gill: dominant site of gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Physiol Rev 85:97–177
Eveloff JL, Calamia J (1986) Effect of osmolarity on cation fluxes in medullary thick ascending limb cells. Am J Phys 250:F176–F180
Everaerts W, Nilius B, Owsianik G (2010) The vanilloid transient receptor potentialchannel TRPV4: from structure to disease. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 103:2–17
Farfel Z, Iaina A, Levi J, Gafni J (1978) Proximal renal tubular-acidosis - association with familial normaldosteronemic hyper-potassemia and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 138:1837–1840
Fernandez-Fernandez JM, Nobles M, Currid A, Vazquez E, Valverde MA (2002) Maxi K+ channel mediates regulatory volume decrease response in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 283:C1705–C1714
Ferraris JD, Burg MB (2006) Tonicity-dependent regulation of osmoprotective genes in mammalian cells. Contrib Nephrol 152:125–141
Fiol DF, Kultz D (2007) Osmotic stress sensing and signaling in fishes. FEBS J 274:5790–5798
Fisher RS, Persson BE, Spring KR (1981) Epithelial cell volume regulation - bicarbonate dependence. Science 214:1357–1359
Flagella M, Clarke LL, Miller ML, Erway LC, Giannella RA, Andringa A, Gawenis LR, Kramer J, Duffy JJ, Doetschman T, Lorenz JN, Yamoah EN, Cardell EL, Shull GE (1999) Mice lacking the basolateral Na-K-2Cl cotransporter have impaired epithelial chloride secretion and are profoundly deaf. J Biol Chem 274:26946–26955
Ford P, Rivarola V, Chara O, Blot-Chabaud M, Cluzeaud F, Farman N, Parisi M, Capurro C (2005) Volume regulation in cortical collecting duct cells: role of AQP2. Biol Cell 97:687–697
Foskett JK (1982) The chloride cell: definitive identification as the salt-secretory cell in teleosts. Science 215:164–166
Foskett JK, Bern HA, Machen TE, Connor M (1983) Chloride cells and the hormonal control of teleost fish osmoregulation. J Exp Biol 106:255–281
Foskett JK, Wong MMM, Sueaquan G, Robertson MA (1994) Isosmotic modulation of cell-volume and intracellular ion activities during stimulation of single exocrine cells. J Exp Zool 268:104–110
Friis MB, Friborg CR, Schneider L, Nielsen MB, Lambert IH, Christensen ST, Hoffmann EK (2005) Cell shrinkage as a signal to apoptosis in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. J Physiol 567:427–443
Fu Y, Subramanya A, Rozansky D, Cohen DM (2006) WNK kinases influence TRPV4 channel function and localization. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290:F1305–F1314
Fuster D, Moe OW, Hilgemann DW (2004) Lipid- and mechanosensitivities of sodium/hydrogen exchangers analyzed by electrical methods. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:10482–10487
Gadsby DC, Nakao M (1989) Steady-state current-voltage relationship of the Na/K pump in Guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J Gen Physiol 94:511–537
Gaeggeler HP, Guillod Y, Loffing-Cueni D, Loffing J, Rossier BC (2011) Vasopressin-dependent coupling between sodium transport and water flow in a mouse cortical collecting duct cell line. Kidney Int 79:843–852
Gagnon KB, Delpire E (2012) Molecular physiology of Spak and Osr1: two Ste20-related protein kinases regulating ion transport. Physiol Rev 92:1577–1617
Gagnon E, Forbush B, Flemmer AW, Caron L, Isenring P (2002) Functional and molecular characterization of the shark renal Na-K-Cl cotransporter: novel aspects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 283:F1046–F1055
Galizia L, Pizzoni A, Fernandez J, Rivarola V, Capurro C, Ford P (2012) Functional interaction between AQP2 and TRPV4 in renal cells. J Cell Biochem 113:580–589
Garcia-Elias A, Mrkonjic S, Pardo-Pastor C, Inada H, Hellmich UA, Rubio-Moscardo F, Plata C, Gaudet R, Vicente R, Valverde MA (2013) Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate-dependent rearrangement of TRPV4 cytosolic tails enables channel activation by physiological stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:9553–9558
Garnovskaya MN, Mukhin YV, Vlasova TM, Raymond JR (2003) Hypertonicity activates Na+/H+ exchange through Janus kinase 2 and calmodulin. J Biol Chem 278:16908–16915
Garvin JL, Spring KR (1992) Regulation of apical membrane ion transport in Necturus gallbladder. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 263:C187–C193
Gelfand EW, Cheung RKK, Ha K, Grinstein S (1984) Volume regulation in lymphoid leukemia-cells and assignment of cell lineage. New Engl J Med 311:939–944
Giraldez F, Ferreira KTG (1984) Intracellular chloride activity and membrane potential in stripped frog skin (Rana temporaria). Biochim Biophys Acta 769:625–628
Golbang AP, Cope G, Hamad A, Murthy M, Liu CH, Cuthbert AW, O’Shaughnessy KM (2006) Regulation of the expression of the Na/Cl cotransporter by WNK4 and WNK1: evidence that accelerated dynamin-dependent endocytosis is not involved. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 291:F1369–F1376
Gonzáles E, Carpi-Medina P, Linares H, Whittembury G (1984) Osmotic water permeability of the apical membrane of proximal straight tubular (PST) cells. Pflugers Arch 402:337–339
Gonzalez E, Carpimedina P, Whittembury G (1982) Cell osmotic water permeability of isolated rabbit proximal straight tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 242:F321–F330
Grasset E, Gunter-Smith P, Schultz SG (1983) Effects of Na-coupled alanine transport on intracellular K-activities and the K-conductance of the basolateral membranes of Necturus small intestine. J Membr Biol 71:89–94
Greger R, Heitzmann D, Hug MJ, Hoffmann EK, Bleich M (1999) The Na+, 2Cl−, K+ cotransporter in the rectal gland of Squalus acanthias is activated by cell shrinkage. Pflüg Arch Eur J Physiol 438:165–176
Grinstein S, Erlij D (1978) Intracellular calcium and regulation of sodium-transport in frog skin. Proc R Soc Ser B-Bio 202:353–360
Grinstein S, Clarke CA, Rothstein A (1982) Increased anion permeability during volume regulation in human-lymphocytes. Philos Trans Roy Soc Ser B-Bio 299:509–518
Grinstein S, Woodside M, Sardet C, Pouyssegur J, Rotin D (1992) Activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter during cell-volume regulation - evidence for a phosphorylation-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 267:23823–23828
Grosell M (2007) Intestinal transport processes in marine fish osmoregulation. In: Baldisserotto B, Mancera JM, Kapoor BG (eds) Fish osmoregulation. Science Publishers, New Hamshire, pp 332–357
Grubb BR, Schiretz FR, Boucher RC (1997) Volume transport across tracheal and bronchial airway epithelia in a tubular culture system. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 273:C21–C29
Grunnet M, Jespersen T, MacAulay N, Jorgensen NK, Schmitt N, Pongs O, Olesen SP, Klaerke DA (2003) KCNQ1 channels sense small changes in cell volume. J Physiol 549:419–427
Guggino WB, Oberleithner H, Giebisch G (1985) Relationship between cell volume and ion transport in the early distal tubule of the Amphiuma kidney. J Gen Physiol 86:31–58
Guggino WB, Markakis D, Amzel LM (1990) Measurements of volume and shape changes in isolated tubules. Methods Enzymol 191:371–379
Gunter-Smith PJ, Grasset E, Schultz SG (1982) Sodium-coupled amino-acid and sugar transport by Necturus small intestine - an equivalent electrical circuit analysis of a rheogenic cotransport system. J Membr Biol 66:25–39
Hall A (1998) Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. Science 279:509–514
Harvey BJ (1992) Energization of sodium absorption by the H+-ATPase pump in mitochondria-rich cells of frog skin. J Exp Biol 172:289–309
Harvey BJ (1995) Cross-talk between sodium and potassium channels in tight epithelia. Kidney Int 48:1191–1199
Harvey BJ, Ehrenfeld J (1988) Role of Na+/H+ exchange in the control of intracellular pH and cell membrane conductance in frog skin epithelium. J Gen Physiol 92:793–810
Harvey BJ, Kernan RP (1984) Intracellular ion activities in frog skin in relation to external sodium and effects of amiloride and/or ouabain. J Physiol 349:501–517
Harvey BJ, Thomas SR, Ehrenfeld J (1988) Intracellular pH controls cell membranes Na+ and K+ conductances and transport in frog skin epithelium. J Gen Physiol 92:767–791
Hazama A, Okada Y (1990) Biphasic rises in cytosolic free Ca2+ in association with activation of K+ and Cl− conductance during the regulatory volume decrease in cultured human epithelial-cells. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 416:710–714
Hebert SC (1986a) Hypertonic cell-volume regulation in mouse thick limbs. 1. ADH dependency and nephron heterogeneity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 250:C907–C919
Hebert SC (1986b) Hypertonic cell-volume regulation in mouse thick limbs. 2. Na+-H+ and Cl−-HCO3− exchange in basolateral membranes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 250:C920–C931
Hebert SC (1987) Volume regulation in renal epithelial-cells. Seminars Nephr 7:48–46
Hebert SC, Mount DB, Gamba G (2004) Molecular physiology of cation-coupled Cl- cotransport: the SLC12 family. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 447:580–593
Hendus-Altenburger R, Kragelund BB, Pedersen SF (2014) Structural dynamics and regulation of the mammalian SLC9A family of Na+/H+ exchangers. In: Bevensee MO (ed) Exchangers chapter 2: current topics in membranes, vol 73. Academic Press, Burlington, pp 69–148
Henson JH, Roesener CD, Gaetano CJ, Mendola RJ, Forrest JN, Holy J, Kleinzeller A (1997) Confocal microscopic observation of cytoskeletal reorganizations in cultured shark rectal gland cells following treatment with hypotonic shock and high external K+. J Exp Zool 279:415–424
Hillyard SD, Møbjerg N, Tanaka S, Larsen EH (2009) Osmotic and ion regulation in amphibians. In: Evans DH (ed) Osmotic and ionic regulation cells and animals. Taylor Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 367–441
Hoffmann EK (1978) Regulation of cell volume by selective changes in the leak permeabilities of Ehrlich ascites tumore cells. In: Jørgensen CB, Skadhauge E (eds) Proc Alfr Benzon Symp XI osmotic and volume regulation. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp 397–417
Hoffmann EK (1982) Anion exchange and anion-cation co-transport systems in mammalian cells. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol 299:519–535
Hoffmann EK, Pedersen SF (2007) Shrinkage insensitivity of NKCC1 in myosin II-depleted cytoplasts from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292:C1854–C1866
Hoffmann EK, Pedersen SF (2011) Cell volume homeostatic mechanisms: effectors and signalling pathways. Acta Physiol 202:465–485
Hoffmann EK, Ussing HH (1992) Membrane mechanisms in volume regulation in vertebrane cells and epithelia. In: Giebisch G, Schafer JA, Ussing H, Kristensen P (eds) Membrane transport in biology. Springer, Cham, pp 317–399
Hoffmann EK, Simonsen LO, Sjøholm C (1979) Membrane potential, chloride exchange, and chloride conductance in ehrlich mouse ascites tumour cells. J Physiol 296:61–84
Hoffmann EK, Sjøholm C, Simonsen LO (1983) Na+, Cl− co-transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells activated during volume regulation (regulatory volume increase). J Membr Biol 76:269–280
Hoffmann EK, Lambert IH, Simonsen LO (1986) Separate, Ca2+-activated K+ and Cl− transport pathways in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Memb Biol 91:227–244
Hoffmann EK, Hoffmann E, Lang F, Zadunaisky JA (2002) Control of Cl− transport in the operculum epithelium of Fundulus heteroclitus: long- and short-term salinity adaptation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1566:129–139
Hoffmann EK, Schettino T, Marshall WS (2007) The role of volume-sensitive ion transport systems in regulation of epithelial transport. Comp Biochem Physiol A 148:29–43
Hoffmann EK, Lambert IH, Pedersen SF (2009) Physiology of cell volume regulation in vertebrates. Physiol Rev 89:193–277
Hoffmann EK, Sorensen BH, Sauter DP, Lambert IH (2015) Role of volume-regulated and calcium-activated anion channels in cell volume homeostasis, cancer and drug resistance. Channels 9:380–396
Hougaard C, Niemeyer MI, Hoffmann EK, Sepulveda FV (2000) K+ currents activated by leukotriene D-4 or osmotic swelling in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 440:283–294
Hougaard C, Klaerke DA, Hoffmann EK, Olesen SP, Jorgensen NK (2004) Modulation of KCNQ4 channel activity by changes in cell volume. Biochim Biophys Acta 1660:1–6
Huang CL, Cha SK, Wang HR, Xie J, Cobb MH (2007) WNKs: protein kinases with a unique kinase domain. Exp Mol Med:565–573
Hughes ALH, Pakhomova A, Brown PD (2010) Regulatory volume increase in epithelial cells isolated from the mouse fourth ventricle choroid plexus involves Na+-H+ exchange but not Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransport. Brain Res 1323:1–10
Hyzinski-Garcia MC, Rudkouskaya A, Mongin AA (2014) LRRC8A protein is indispensable for swelling-activated and ATP-induced release of excitatory amino acids in rat astrocytes. J Physiol 592:4855–4862
Ingber DE (2006) Cellular mechanotransduction: putting all the pieces together again. FASEB J 20:811–827
Ishibashi K, Sasaki S, Yoshiyama N (1988) Intracellular chloride activity of rabbit proximal straight tubule perfused in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 255:F49–F56
Jakab RL, Collaco AM, Ameen NA (2011) Physiological relevance of cell-specific distribution patterns of CFTR, NKCC1, NBCe1, and NHE3 along the crypt-villus axis in the intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 300:G82–G98
Jensen LJ, Sørensen JN, Larsen EH, Willumsen NJ (1997) Proton pump activity of mitochondria-rich cells. The interpretation of external proton-concentration gradients. J Gen Physiol 109:73–91
Jeon US, Kim J-A, Sheen MR, Kwon HM (2006) How tonicity regulates genes: story of TonEBP transcriptional activator. Acta Physiol 187:241–247
Jørgensen NK, Christensen S, Harbak H, Brown AM, Lambert IH, Hoffmann EK (1997) On the role of calcium in the regularory volume decrease (RVD) response in Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells. J Membr Biol 157:281–299
Jorgensen NK, Pedersen SF, Rasmussen HB, Grunnet M, Klaerke DA, Olesen SP (2003) Cell swelling activates cloned Ca2+-activated K+ channels: a role for the F-actin cytoskeleton. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1615:115–125
Juul CA, Grubb S, Poulsen KA, Kyed T, Hashem N, Lambert IH, Larsen EH, Hoffmann EK (2014) Anoctamin 6 differs from VRAC and VSOAC but is involved in apoptosis and supports volume regulation in the presence of Ca2+. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 466:1899–1910
Kahle KT, Rinehart J, Ring A, Gimenez I, Gamba G, Hebert SC, Lifton RP (2006) WNK protein kinases modulate cellular Cl- flux by altering the phosphorylation state of the Na-K-Cl and K-Cl cotransporters. Physiology 21:326–335
Kashgarian M, Biemesderfer D, Caplan M, Forbush B III (1985) Monoclonal antibody to Na,K-ATPase: immunocytochemical localization along nephron segments. Kidney Int 28:899–913
Kato A, Romero MF (2011) Regulation of electroneutral NaCl absorption by the small intestine. Annu Rev Physiol 73:261–281
Kay AR, Blaustein MP (2019) Evolution of our understanding of cell volume regulation by the pump-leak mechanism. J Gen Physiol 151(4):407–416. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201812274
Kirk KL, DiBona DR, Schafer JA (1987a) Regulatory volume decrease in perfused proximal nephron: evidence for a dumping of cell K+. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 252:F933–F942
Kirk KL, Schafer JA, DiBona DR (1987b) Cell volume regulation in rabbit proximal straight tubule perfused in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 252:F922–F932
Kirkegaard SS, Lambert IH, Gammeltoft S, Hoffmann EK (2010) Activation of the TASK-2 channel after cell swelling is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299:C844–C853
Kirkegaard SS, Wulff T, Gammeltoft S, Hoffmann EK (2013) KCNK5 is functionally down-regulated upon long-term hypotonicity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 32:1238–1246
Kirkegaard SS, Strom PD, Gammeltoft S, Hansen AJ, Hoffmann EK (2016) The volume activated potassium channel KCNK5 is up-regulated in activated human T cells, but volume regulation is impaired. Cell Physiol Biochem 38:883–892
Klausen TK, Hougaard C, Hoffmann EK, Pedersen SF (2006) Cholesterol modulates the volume-regulated anion current in Ehrlich-Lettre ascites cells via effects on Rho and F-actin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291:C757–C771
Klausen TK, Janssens A, Prenen J, Owsianik G, Hoffmann EK, Pedersen SF, Nilius B (2014) Single point mutations of aromatic residues in transmembrane helices 5 and-6 differentially affect TRPV4 activation by 4 alpha-PDD and hypotonicity: implications for the role of the pore region in regulating TRPV4 activity. Cell Calcium 55:38–47
Klein JD, O’Neill WC (1995) Volume-sensitive myosin phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells: correlation with Na-K-2Cl cotransport. Am J Phys 269:C1524–C1531
Kregenow FM (1971) The response of duck erythrocytes to hypertonic media. Further evidence for a volume-controlling mechanism. J Gen Physiol 58:396–412
Krump E, Nikitas K, Grinstein S (1997) Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and Na+/H+ exchanger activation during shrinkage of human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 272:17303–17311
L’Hoste S, Barriere H, Belfodil R, Rubera I, Duranton C, Tauc M, Poujeol C, Barhanin J, Poujeol P (2007) Extracellular pH alkalinisation by Cl−/HCO3− exchanger is crucial for TASK2 activation by hypotonic shock in proximal cell lines from mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292:F628–F638
Lacroix J, Poet M, Huc L, Morello V, Djerbi N, Ragno M, Rissel M, Tekpli X, Gounon P, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Counillon L (2008) Kinetic analysis of the regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 by osmotic shocks. Biochemist 47:13674–13685
Lambert IH (1987) Effect of arachidonic acid, fatty acids, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes on volume regulation in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Membr Biol 98:207–221
Lambert IH, Hoffmann EK (1994) Cell swelling activates separate taurine and chloride channels in Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells. J Membr Biol 142:289–298
Lambert IH, Hoffmann EK, Christensen P (1987) Role of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in volume regulation by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Membr Biol 98:247–256
Lang F (2013) Cell volume control. In: Alpern RJ, Moe OW, Caplan M (eds) Seldin and Giebisch’s the kidney. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 121–141
Lang F, Busch GL, Ritter M, Volkl H, Waldegger S, Gulbins E, Haussinger D (1998a) Functional significance of cell volume regulatory mechanisms. Physiol Rev 78:247–306
Lang F, Busch GL, Volkl H (1998b) The diversity of volume regulatory mechanisms. Cell Physiol Biochem 8:1–45
Larsen EH (1973) Effect of amiloride, cyanide and ouabain on the active transport pathway in toad skin. In: Proc Alfred Benzon Symp V transport mechanisms in epithelia, pp 131–147
Larsen EH (1988) NaCl transport in amphibian skin. In: NaCl transport in epithelia. Springer, Berlin
Larsen EH (1991) Chloride transport by high-resistance heterocellular epithelia. Physiol Rev 71:235–283
Larsen EH (2009) Hans Henriksen Ussing 30 December 1911–22 December 2000. Biogr Mem Fellows Royal Soc 55:305–335
Larsen EH (2011) Reconciling the Krogh and Ussing interpretations of epithelial chloride transport - presenting a novel hypothesis for the physiological significance of the passive cellular chloride uptake. Acta Physiol 202:435–464
Larsen EH, Harvey BJ (1994) Chloride currents of single mitochondria-rich cells of toad skin epithelium. J Physiol 478:7–15
Larsen EH, Ramløv H (2013) Role of cutaneous surface fluid in frog osmoregulation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 165:365–370
Larsen EH, Rasmussen BE (1982) Chloride channels in toad skin. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol 299:413–434
Larsen EH, Sørensen JN (2019) Stationary and non-stationary ion- and water flux interactions in kidney proximal tubule. Mathematical analysis of isosmotic transport by a minimalistic model. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharm DOI: 10.1007/112_2019_16
Larsen EH, Ussing HH, Spring KR (1987) Ion transport by mitochondria-rich cells in toad skin. J Membr Biol 99:25–40
Larsen EH, Sørensen JB, Sørensen JN (2000) A mathematical model of solute coupled water transport in toad intestine incorporating recirculation of the actively transported solute. J Gen Physiol 116:101–112
Larsen EH, Amstrup J, Willumsen NJ (2003) β-Adrenergic receptors couple to CFTR chloride channels of intercalated mitochondria-rich cells in the heterocellular toad skin epithelium. Biochim Biophys Acta 1618:140–152
Larsen EH, Willumsen NJ, Møbjerg N, Sørensen JN (2009) The lateral intercellular space as osmotic coupling compartment in isotonic transport. Acta Physiol 195:171–186
Larsen EH, Deaton LE, Onken H, O’Donnell M, Grosell M, Dantzler WH, Weihrauch D (2014) Osmoregulation and excretion. Compr Physiol 4:405–573
Larson M, Spring KR (1983) Bumetanide inhibition of NaCl transport by Necturus gallbladder. J Membr Biol 74:123–129
Larson M, Spring KR (1984) Volume regulation by Necturus gallbladder - basolateral KCl exit. J Membr Biol 81:219–232
Lauf PK, Misri S, Chimote AA, Adragna NC (2008) Apparent intermediate K conductance channel hyposmotic activation in human lens epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294:C820–C832
Lazarowski ER, Tarran R, Grubb BR, van Heusden CA, Okada S, Boucher RC (2004) Nucleotide release provides a mechanism for airway surface liquid homeostasis. J Biol Chem 279:36855–36864
Leaf A (1959) Maintenance of concentration gradients and regulation of cell volume. Ann N Y Acad Sci 72:396–404
Lee RJ, Foskett JK (2010) cAMP-activated Ca2+ signaling is required for CFTR-mediated serous cell fluid secretion in porcine and human airways. J Clin Invest 120:3137–3148
Levite M, Cahalon L, Peretz A, Hershkoviz R, Sobko A, Ariel A, Desai R, Attali B, Lider O (2000) Extracellular K+ and opening of voltage-gated potassium channels activate T cell integrin function: physical and functional association between Kv1.3 channels and beta1 integrins. J Exp Med 191:1167–1176
Lewis A, Di Ciano C, Rotstein OD, Kapus A (2002) Osmotic stress activates Rac and Cdc42 in neutrophils: role in hypertonicity-induced actin polymerization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282:C271–C279
Li S, Ault A, Malone CL, Raitt D, Dean S, Johnston LH, Deschenes RJ, Fassler JS (1998) The yeast histidine protein kinase, Sln1p, mediates phosphotransfer to two response regulators, Ssk1p and Skn7p. EMBO J 17:6952–6962
Liedtke CM, Cole TS (2002) Activation of NKCC1 by hyperosmotic stress in human tracheal epithelial cells involves PKC-delta and ERK. Biochem Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 1589:77–88
Liedtke W, Kim C (2005) Functionality of the TRPV subfamily of TRP ion channels: add mechano-TRP and osmo-TRP to the lexicon! Cell Mol Life Sci 62:2985–3001
Lionetto MG, Schettino T (2006) The Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter and the osmotic stress response in a model salt transport epithelium. Acta Physiol 187:115–124
Lionetto MG, Giordano ME, Nicolardi G, Schettino T (2001) Hypertonicity stimulates cl- transport in the intestine of fresh water acclimated eel, Anguilla anguilla. Cell Physiol Biochem 11:41–54
Lionetto MG, Pedersen SF, Hoffmann EK, Giordano ME, Schettino T (2002) Roles of the cytoskeleton and of protein phosphorylation events in the osmotic stress response in eel intestinal epithelium. Cell Physiol Biochem 12:163–163
Lionetto MG, Rizzello A, Giordano ME, Maffia M, De Nuccio F, Nicolardi G, Hoffmann EK, Schettino T (2008) Molecular and functional expression of high conductance Ca2+ activated K+ channels in the eel intestinal epithelium. Cell Physiol Biochem 21:373–384
Liu XB, Bandyopadhyay B, Nakamoto T, Singh B, Liedtke W, Melvin JE, Ambudkar I (2006) A role for AQP5 in activation of TRPV4 by hypotonicity - concerted involvement of AQP5 and TRPV4 in regulation of cell volume recovery. J Biol Chem 281:15485–15495
Lock H, Valverde MA (2000) Contribution of the IsK (MinK) potassium channel subunit to regulatory volume decrease in murine tracheal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 275:34849–34852
Lopes AG, Amzel LM, Markakis D, Guggino WB (1988) Cell volume regulation by the thin descending limb og Henle’s loop. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:2873–2877
Macknight ADC, Leaf A (1977) Regulation of cellular volume. Physiol Rev 57:510–573
Macleod RJ, Hamilton JR (1990) Regulatory volume increase in mammalian jejunal villus cells is due to bumetanide-sensitive NaKCl2 cotransport. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 258:G665–G674
MacLeod RJ, Hamilton JR (1991) Volume regulation initiated by Na+-nutrient cotransport in isolated mammalian villus enterocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 260:G26–G33
MacLeod RJ, Hamilton JR (1999) Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II and decreases in intracellular pH are required to activate K+ channels after substantial swelling in villus epithelial cells. J Membr Biol 172:59–66
MacRobbie EAC, Ussing HH (1961) Osmotic behaviour of the epithelial cells of frog skin. Acta Physiol Scand 53:348–365
Maingret F, Fosset M, Lesage F, Lazdunski M, Honore E (1999a) TRAAK is a mammalian neuronal mechano-gated K+ channel. J Biol Chem 274:1381–1387
Maingret F, Patel AJ, Lesage F, Lazdunski M, Honore E (1999b) Mechano- or acid stimulation, two interactive modes of activation of the TREK-1 potassium channel. J Biol Chem 274:26691–26696
Maingret F, Patel AJ, Lesage F, Lazdunski M, Honore E (2000) Lysophospholipids open the two-pore domain mechano-gated K+ channels TREK-1 and TRAAK. J Biol Chem 275:10128–10133
Manganel M, Turner RJ (1991) Rapid secretagogue-induced activation of Na+/H+ exchange in rat parotid acinar-cells - possible interrelationship between volume regulation and stimulus-secretion coupling. J Biol Chem 266:10182–10188
Markadieu N, Delpire E (2014) Physiology and pathophysiology of SLC12A1/2 transporters. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 466:91–105
Marsh DJ, Spring KR (1985) Polarity of volume-regulatory increase by Necturus gallbladder epithelium. Am J Phys 249:C471–C475
Marsh DJ, Jensen PK, Spring KR (1985) Computer-based determination of size and shape in living cells. J Microsc 137:281–292
Marshall WS (2011) Mechanosensitive signalling in fish gill and other ion transporting epithelia. Acta Physiol 202:487–499
Marshall WS, Grosell M (2005) Ion transport, osmoregulation, and acid-base balance. In: Evans DH, Claiborne JB (eds) The physiology of fishes, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 177–230
Marshall WS, Bryson SE, Luby T (2000) Control of epithelial Cl− secretion by basolateral osmolality in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. J Exp Biol 203:1897–1905
Marshall WS, Ossum CG, Hoffmann EK (2005) Hypotonic shock mediation by p38 MAPK, JNK, PKC, FAK, OSR1 and SPAK in osmosensing chloride secreting cells of killifish opercular epithelium. J Exp Biol 208:1063–1077
Marshall WS, Katoh F, Main HP, Sers N, Cozzi RRF (2008) Focal adhesion kinase and β1 integrin regulation of Na+, K+, 2Cl− cotransporter in osmosensing ion transporting cells of killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Comp Biochem Phys A 150:288–300
Matsumura Y, Cohen B, Guggino WB, Giebisch G (1984) Regulation of the basolateral potassium conductance of the Necturus proximal tubule. J Membr Biol 79:153–161
Maunsbach AB (1966) Observations on the segmentation of the proximal tubule in the rat kidney. Comparison of results from phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy. J Ultrastr Res 16:239–258
Maunsbach AB, Boulpaep EL (1991) Immunoelectron microscope localization of Na,K-ATPase in transport pathways in proximal tubule epithelium. Micr Microscop Acta 22:55–56
McCormick JA, Ellison DH (2011) The WNKs: atypical protein kinases with pleiotropic actions. Physiol Rev 91:177–219
Medhurst AD, Rennie G, Chapman CG, Meadows H, Duckworth MD, Kelsell RE, Gloger II, Pangalos MN (2001) Distribution analysis of human two pore domain potassium channels in tissues of the central nervous system and periphery. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 86:101–114
Messner G, Wang W, Paulmichl M, Oberleithner H, Lang F (1985) Ouabain decreases apparent potassium-conductance in proximal tubules of the amphibian kidney. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 404:131–137
Meyer K, Korbmacher C (1996) Cell swelling activates ATP-dependent voltage-gated chloride channels in M-1 mouse cortical collecting duct cells. J Gen Physiol 108:177–193
Mignen O, Le Gall C, Harvey BJ, Thomas S (1999) Volume regulation following hypotonic shock in isolated crypts of mouse distal colon. J Physiol 515:501–510
Mills JW (1985) Ion transport across the exocrine glands of the frog skin. Pflüg Arch Eur J Physiol 405(suppl 1):S44–S49
Mills JW, DiBona DR (1978) Distribution of Na+-pump sites in the frog gallbladder. Nature 271:273–275
Mills JW, Ernst SA (1975) Localization of sodium pump sites in frog urinary bladder. Biochim Biophys Acta 375:268–273
Mills JW, Ernst SA, DiBona DR (1977) Localization of Na+-pump sites in frog skin. J Cell Biol 73:88–110
Minton AP (2006) Macromolecular crowding. Curr Biol 16:R269–R271
Moeckel GW, Zhang L, Chen X, Rossini M, Zent R, Pozzi A (2006) Role of integrin alpha1beta1 in the regulation of renal medullary osmolyte concentration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290:F223–F231
Montoro DT, Haber AL, Biton M, Vinarsky V, Lin B, Birket SE, Yuan F, Chen SJ, Leung HM, Villoria J, Rogel N, Burgin G, Tsankov AM, Waghray A, Slyper M, Waldman J, Nguyen L, Dionne D, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Tata PR, Mou HM, Shivaraju M, Bihler H, Mense M, Tearney GJ, Rowe SM, Engelhardt JF, Regev A, Rajagopal J (2018) A revised airway epithelial hierarchy includes CFTR-expressing ionocytes. Nature 560:319–324
Montroserafizadeh C, Guggino WB (1990) Cell-volume regulation in the nephron. Annu Rev Physiol 52:761–772
Montrose-Rafizadeh C, Guggino WB, Montrose MH (1991) Cellular differentiation regulates expression of Cl− transport and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA in human intestinal cells. J Biol Chem 266:4495–4499
Moore-Hoon ML, Turner RJ (2000) The structural unit of the secretory Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCCl) is a homodimer. Biochemist 39:3718–3724
Nauntofte B, Dissing S (1988) Cholinergic-induced electrolyte transport in rat parotid acini. Comp Biochem Physiol 90A:739–746
Nearing J, Betka M, Quinn S, Hentschel H, Elger M, Baum M, Bai M, Chattopadyhay N, Brown EM, Hebert SC, Harris HW (2002) Polyvalent cation receptor proteins (CaRs) are salinity sensors in fish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:9231–9236
Nedergaard S, Larsen EH, Ussing HH (1999) Sodium recirculation and isotonic transport in toad small intestine. J Membr Biol 168:241–251
Nielsen S, Agre P (1995) The aquaporin family of water channels in kidney. Kidney Int 48:1057–1068
Nielsen R, Larsen EH (2007) Beta-adrenergic activation of solute coupled water uptake by toad skin epithelium results in near-isosmotic transport. Comp Bioch Physiol Mol Integr Physiol 148A:64–71
Nielsen MS, Nielsen R (1999) Effect of carbachol and prostaglandin E2 on chloride secretion and signal transduction in the exocrine glands of frog skin (Rana esculenta). Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 438:732–740
Nielsen S, Chou C-L, Marples D, Christensen EI, Kishore BM, Knepper M (1995) Vasopressin increases water permeability of kidney collecting duct by inducing translocation of aquaporin-CD water channels to plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:1013–1017
Nielsen S, Frokiaer J, Marples D, Kwon TH, Agre P, Knepper MA (2002) Aquaporins in the kidney: from molecules to medicine. Physiol Rev 82:205–244
Nielsen S, Kwon T-H, Dimke H, Skott M, Frøkiær J (2013) Aquaporin water channels in mammalian kidney. In: Alpern RJ, Moe OW, Caplan M (eds) Seldin and Giebisch’s the kidney. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 1405–1439
Niemeyer MI, Cid LP, Barros LF, Sepulveda FV (2001a) Modulation of the two-pore domain acid-sensitive K+ channel TASK-2 (KCNK5) by changes in cell volume. J Biol Chem 276:43166–43174
Niemeyer MI, Cid LP, Sepulveda FV (2001b) K+ conductance activated during regulatory volume decrease. The channels in Ehrlich cells and their possible molecular counterpart. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 130:565–575
Niemeyer MI, Cid LP, Pena-Munzenmayer G, Sepulveda FV (2010) Separate gating mechanisms mediate the regulation of K2P potassium channel TASK-2 by intra- and extracellular pH. J Biol Chem 285:16467–16475
Nilius B, Droogmans G (2003) Amazing chloride channels: an overview. Acta Physiol Scand 177:119–147
Nilius B, Eggermont J, Voets T, Buyse G, Manolopoulos V, Droogmans G (1997) Properties of volume-regulated anion channels in mammalian cells. Prog Biophys Mol Bio 68:69–119
Nilius B, Voets T, Prenen J, Barth H, Aktories K, Kaibuchi K, Droogmans G, Eggermont J (1999) Role of Rho and Rho kinase in the activation of volume-regulated anion channels in bovine endothelial cells. J Physiol 516:67–74
Nilius B, Owsianik G, Voets T, Peters JA (2007) Transient receptor potential cation channels in disease. Physiol Rev 87:165–217
Novak I (2011) Purinergic signalling in epithelial ion transport: regulation of secretion and absorption. Acta Physiol 202:501–522
Novak I, Greger R (1988) Properties of the luminal membrane of isolated perfused rat pancreatic ducts. Effect of cyclic AMP and blockers of chloride transport. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 411:546–553
Numata T, Shimizu T, Okada Y (2007) TRPM7 is a stretch- and swelling-activated cation channel involved in volume regulation in human epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292:C460–C467
O’Brien JA, Walters RJ, Valverde MA, Sepulveda FV (1993) Regulatory volume increase after hypertonicity- or vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-induced cell-volume decrease in small-intestinal crypts is dependent on Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransport. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 423:67–73
O’Brien JA, Walters RJ, Sepulveda FV (1991) Regulatory volume decrease in small intestinal crypts is inhibited by K+ and Cl− channel blockers. Biochim Biophys Acta 1070:501–504
Ogushi Y, Kitagawa D, Hasegawa T, Suzuki M, Tanaka S (2010) Correlation between aquaporin and water permeability in response to vasotocin, hydrin and β-adrenergic effectors in the ventral pelvic skin of the tree frog Hyla japonica. J Exp Biol 213:288–294
Okada Y (1997) Volume expansion-sensing outward-rectifier Cl- channel: fresh start to the molecular identity and volume sensor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 273:C755–C789
Okada Y, Maeno E, Shimizu T, Dezaki K, Wang J, Morishima S (2001) Receptor-mediated control of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). J Physiol 532:3–16
Okada Y, Sato K, Numata T (2009) Pathophysiology and puzzles of the volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel. J Physiol 587:2141–2149
Okada Y, Okada T, Sato-Numata K, Islam MR, Ando-Akatsuka Y, Numata T, Kubo M, Shimizu T, Kurbannazarova RS, Marunaka Y, Sabirov RZ (2019) Cell volume-activated and volume-correlated anion channels in mammalian cells: their biophysical, molecular, and pharmacological properties. Pharmacol Rev 71:49–88
Orlowski J, Grinstein S (2004) Diversity of the mammalian sodium/proton exchanger SLC9 gene family. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 447:549–565
Orlowski J, Grinstein S (2011) Na+/H+ exchangers. Compr Physiol 1:2083–2100
Owsianik G, Talavera K, Voets T, Nilius B (2006) Permeation and selectivity of TRP channels. Annu Rev Physiol 68:685–717
Pan Z, Capo-Aponte JE, Zhang F, Wang Z, Pokorny KS, Reinach PS (2007) Differential dependence of regulatory volume decrease behavior in rabbit corneal epithelial cells on MAPK superfamily activation. Exp Eye Res 84:978–990
Pang V, Counillon L, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Poet M, Lacroix J, Sergent O, Khan R, Rauch C (2012) On the role of the difference in surface tensions involved in the allosteric regulation of NHE-1 induced by low to mild osmotic pressure, membrane tension and lipid asymmetry. Cell Biochem Biophys 63:47–57
Park S, Hong JH, Ohana E, Muallem S (2012) The WNK/SPAK and IRBIT/PP1 pathways in epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport. Physiology 27:291–299
Pedersen SF, Hoffmann EK (2002) Possible interrelationship between changes in F-actin and myosin II, protein phosphorylation, and cell volume regulation in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 277:57–73
Pedersen SF, Nilius B (2007) Transient receptor potential channels in mechanosensing and cell volume regulation. Methods Enzymol 428:183–207
Pedersen SF, Prenen J, Droogmans G, Hoffmann EK, Nilius B (1998) Separate swelling- and Ca2+-activated anion currents in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Membr Biol 163:97–110
Pedersen SF, Beisner KH, Hougaard C, Willumsen BM, Lambert IH, Hoffmann EK (2002a) Rho family GTP binding proteins are involved in the regulatory volume decrease process in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts. J Physiol 541:779–796
Pedersen SF, Varming C, Christensen ST, Hoffmann EK (2002b) Mechanisms of activation of NHE by cell shrinkage and by calyculin A in ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Membr Biol 189:67–81
Pedersen SF, Kapus A, Hoffmann EK (2011) Osmosensory mechanisms in cellular and systemic volume regulation. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:1587–1597
Peng JB, Warnock DG (2007) WNK4-mediated regulation of renal ion transport proteins. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293:F961–F973
Persson B-E, Spring KR (1982) Gallbladder epithelial cell hydraulic water permeablity and volume regulation. J Gen Physiol 79:481–505
Petersen OH (1992) Stimulus-secretion coupling - cytoplasmic calcium signals and the control of ion channels in exocrine acinar-cells. J Physiol 448:1–51
Petersen OH (1993) Regulation of isotonic fluid secretion in exocrine acini. In: Ussing HH, Fischbarg J, Sten-Knudsen O, Larsen EH, Willumsen NJ (eds) Proc Alfred Benzon Symp 34 isotonic transport in leaky epithelia. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp 103–146
Petersen OH, Gallacher DV (1988) Electrophysiology of pancreatic and salivary acinar cells. Annu Rev Physiol 50:65–80
Piechotta K, Garbarini N, England R, Delpire E (2003) Characterization of the interaction of the stress kinase SPAK with the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter in the nervous system - evidence for a scaffolding role of the kinase. J Biol Chem 278:52848–52856
Pihakaski-Maunsbach K, Vorum H, Locke EM, Garty H, Karlish SJ, Maunsbach AB (2003) Immunocytochemical localization of Na,K-ATPase gamma subunit and CHIF in inner medulla of rat kidney. Ann N Y Acad Sci 986:401–409
Planells-Cases R, Lutter D, Guyader C, Gerhards NM, Ullrich F, Elger DA, Kucukosmanoglu A, Xu G, Voss FK, Reincke SM, Stauber T, Blomen VA, Vis DJ, Wessels LF, Brummelkamp TR, Borst P, Rottenberg S, Jentsch TJ (2015) Subunit composition of VRAC channels determines substrate specificity and cellular resistance to Pt-based anti-cancer drugs. EMBO J 34:2993–3008
Plasschaert LW, Zilionis R, Choo-Wing R, Savova V, Knehr J, Roma G, Klein AM, Jaffe AB (2018) A single-cell atlas of the airway epithelium reveals the CFTR-rich pulmonary ionocyte. Nature 560:377–381
Pochynyuk O, Zaika O, O’Neil RG, Mamenko M (2013) Novel insights into TRPV4 function in the kidney. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 465:177–186
Preston GM, Carroll TP, Guggino WB, Agre P (1992) Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein. Science 256:385–387
Qiu Z, Dubin AE, Mathur J, Tu B, Reddy K, Miraglia LJ, Reinhardt J, Orth AP, Patapoutian A (2014) SWELL1, a plasma membrane protein, is an essential component of volume-regulated anion channel. Cell 157:447–458
Qu Y, Misaghi S, Newton K, Gilmour LL, Louie S, Cupp JE, Dubyak GR, Hackos D, Dixit VM (2011) Pannexin-1 is required for ATP release during apoptosis but not for inflammasome activation. J Immunol 186:6553–6561
Rasmussen LJ, Muller HS, Jorgensen B, Pedersen SF, Hoffmann EK (2015) Osmotic shrinkage elicits FAK- and Src phosphorylation and Src-dependent NKCC1 activation in NIH3T3 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 308:C101–C110
Reuss L (1985) Changes in cell volume measured with an electrophysiologic technique. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82:6014–6018
Reyes R, Duprat F, Lesage F, Fink M, Salinas M, Farman N, Lazdunski M (1998) Cloning and expression of a novel pH-sensitive two pore domain K+ channel from human kidney. J Biol Chem 273:30863–30869
Richardson C, Alessi DR (2008) The regulation of salt transport and blood pressure by the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 signalling pathway. J Cell Sci 121:3293–3304
Rick R, Dörge A, Von Arnim E, Thurau K (1978) Electron microprobe analysis of frog skin epithelium: evidence for a syncytial sodium transport compartment. J Membr Biol 39:313–331
Rick R, Roloff C, Dörge A, Beck F-X, Thurau K (1984) Intracellular electrolyte concentrations in the frog skin epithelium: effect of vasopressin and dependence on the Na concentration in the bathing media. J Membr Biol 78:129–145
Rigor RR, Damoc C, Phinney BS, Cala PM (2011) Phosphorylation and activation of the plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) during osmotic cell shrinkage. PLoS One 6:e29210
Robertson MA, Foskett JK (1994) Na+ transport pathways in secretory acinar-cells - membrane cross-talk mediated by [Cl−]I. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 267:C146–C156
Roger F, Martin PY, Rousselot M, Favre H, Feraille E (1999) Cell shrinkage triggers the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by hypertonicity in the rat kidney medullary thick ascending limb of the Henle's loop - requirement of p38 kinase for the regulatory volume increase response. J Biol Chem 274:4103–34110
Romanenko VG, Catalan MA, Brown DA, Putzier I, Hartzell HC, Marmorstein AD, Gonzalez-Begne M, Rock JR, Harfe BD, Melvin JE (2010) TMEM16A encodes the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel in mouse submandibular salivary gland acinar cells. J Biol Chem 285:2990–13001
Rotin D, Grinstein S (1989) Impaired cell-volume regulation in Na+-H+ exchange-deficient mutants. Am J Phys 257:C1158–C1165
Sabirov RS, Okada Y (2005) ATP release via anion channels. Purinerg Sign 1:311–328
Sarkadi B, Attisano L, Grinstein S, Buchwald M, Rothstein A (1984) Volume regulation of Chinese-Hamster ovary cells in anisoosmotic media. Biochim Biophys Acta 774:159–168
Schafer JA (1990) Transepithelial osmolality differences, hydraulic conductivities, and volume absorption in the proximal tubule. Annu Rev Physiol 52:709–726
Schafer JA (1993) The rat collecting duct as an isosmotic volume reabsorber. In: Ussing HH, Fischbarg J, Sten-Knudsen O, Larsen EH, Willumsen NJ (eds) Proc Alfred Benzon Symp 34 isotonic transport in leaky epithelia. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp 339–354
Schafer JA, Patlak CS, Troutman SL, Andreoli TE (1978) Volume absorption in the parts recta II. Hydraulic conductivity coefficient. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 234:F340–F348
Schatzmann HJ, Windhager EE, Solomon AK (1958) Single proximal tubules of the Necturus kidney. II. Effect of 2, 4-dinitro-phenol and ouabain on water reabsorption. Am J Phys 195:570–574
Schild L, Aronson PS, Giebisch G (1991) Basolateral transport pathways for K+ and Cl− in rabbit proximal tubule: effects on cell volume. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 260:F101–F109
Schlatter E, Greger R, Schafer JA (1990) Principal cells of cortical collecting ducts of the rat are not a route of transepithelial Cl− transport. Pflugers Archiv Eur J Physiol 417:317–323
Schnermann J, Chou C-L, Ma T, Traynor T, Knepper MA, Verkman AS (1998) Defective proximal tubular fluid reabsorption in transgenic aquaporin-1 null mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:9660–9664
Schultz SG (1981) Homocellular regulatory mechanisms in sodium-transporting epithelia: avoidance of extinction by “flush-through”. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 10:F579–F590
Schultz SG (1992) Membrane crosstalk in sodium-absorbing epithelial cells. In: Seldin DW, Giebisch G (eds) The kidney: physiology and pathophysiology. Raven Press, New York, pp 287–299
Schultz SG, Dubinsky WP (2001) Sodium absorption, volume control and potassium channels: a tribute to a great biologist. J Membr Biol 184:255–261
Schwiebert EM, Mills JW, Stanton BA (1994) Actin-based cytoskeleton regulates a chloride channel and cell volume in a renal cortical collecting duct cell line. J Biol Chem 269:7081–7089
Shimada-Shimizu N, Hisamitsu T, Nakamura TY, Hirayama N, Wakabayashi S (2014) Na+/H+ exchanger 1 is regulated via its lipid-interacting domain, which functions as a molecular switch: a pharmacological approach using indolocarbazole compounds. Mol Pharmac 85:18–28
Shimizu T, Numata T, Okada Y (2004) A role of reactive oxygen species in apoptotic activation of volume-sensitive Cl− channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:6770–6773
Sørensen JB, Larsen EH (1996) Heterogeneity of chloride channels in the apical membrane of isolated mitochondria-rich cells from toad skin. J Gen Physiol 108:421–433
Sørensen JB, Larsen EH (1998) Patch clamp on the luminal membrane of exocrine gland acini from frog skin (Rana esculenta) reveals the presence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-like Cl− channels activated by cyclic AMP. J Gen Physiol 112:19–31
Sørensen JB, Larsen EH (1999) Membrane potential and conductance of frog skin gland acinar cells in resting conditions and during stimulation with agonists of macroscopic secretion. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 439:101–112
Sørensen JB, Nielsen MS, Nielsen R, Larsen EH (1998) Luminal ion channels involved in isotonic secretion by Na+-recirculation in exocrine gland-acini. Roy Dan Acad Sci Lett Biol Ser 49:179–191
Sørensen JB, Nielsen MS, Gudme CN, Larsen EH, Nielsen R (2001) Maxi K+ channels co-localised with CFTR in the apical membrane of an exocrine gland acinus: possible involvement in secretion. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 442:1–11
Sorensen BH, Thorsteinsdottir UA, Lambert IH (2014) Acquired cisplatin resistance in human ovarian A2780 cancer cells correlates with shift in taurine homeostasis and ability to volume regulate. Am J Phys 307:C1071–C1080
Sorensen BH, Rasmussen LJH, Broberg BS, Klausen TK, Sauter DPR, Lambert IH, Aspberg A, Hoffmann EK (2015) Integrin beta(1), osmosensing, and chemoresistance in mouse ehrlich carcinoma cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 36:111–132
Speake T, Douglas IJ, Brown PD (1998) The role of calcium in the volume regulation of rat lacrimal acinar cells. J Membr Biol 164:283–291
Spring KR, Hope A (1978) Size and shape of the lateral intercellular spaces in a living epithelium. Science 200:54–57
Spring KR, Hope A (1979) Fluid transport and the dimensions of cell and interspaces of living Necturus gallbladder. J Gen Physiol 73:287–305
Spring KR, Ussing HH (1986) The volume of mitochondria-rich cells of frog skin epithelium. J Membr Biol 92:21–26
Staruschenko A (2012) Regulation of transport in the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct. Compr Physiol 2:1541–1584
Stauber T (2015) The volume-regulated anion channel is formed by LRRC8 heteromers - molecular identification and roles in membrane transport and physiology. Biol Chem 396:975–990
Sten-Knudsen O (2002) Biological membranes. Theory of transport, potentials and electric impulses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Stirling CE (1972) Radioautographic localization of sodium pump sites in rabbit intestine. J Cell Biol 53:704–714
Stoner LC, Morley GE (1995) Effect of basolateral or apical hyposmolarity on apical maxi-K channels of everted rat collecting tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 268:F569–F580
Strange K (1988) RVD in principal and intercalated cells of rabbit cortical collecting tubule. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 255:C612–C621
Strange K (1989) Ouabain-induced cell swelling in rabbit cortical collecting tubule: NaCl transport by principal cells. J Memb Biol 107:249–261
Strange K (1990) Volume regulation following Na+ pump inhibition in CCT principal cells: apical K+ loss. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 258:F732–F740
Strange K, Spring K (1986) Methods for imaging renal tubule cells. Kid Intern 30:192–200
Strange K, Spring KR (1987a) Absence of significant cellular dilution during ADH-stimulated water reabsorption. Science 235:1068–1070
Strange K, Spring KR (1987b) Cell membrane water permeability of rabbit cortical collecting duct. J Membr Biol 96:27–43
Strotmann R, Harteneck C, Nunnenmacher K, Schultz G, Plant TD (2000) OTRPC4, a nonselective cation channel that confers sensitivity to extracellular osmolarity. Nat Cell Biol 2:695–702
Stutzin A, Hoffmann EK (2006) Swelling-activated ion channels: functional regulation in cell-swelling, proliferation and apoptosis. Acta Physiol 187:27–42
Takemura T, Sato F, Suzuki Y, Sato K (1991) Intracellular ion concentrations and cell volume during cholinergic stimulation of eccrine secretory coil cells. J Membr Biol 119:211–219
Taniguchi J, Guggino WB (1989) Membrane stretch - a physiological stimulator of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in thick ascending limb. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 257:F347–F352
Tarran R, Grubb BR, Gatzy JT, Davis CW, Boucher RC (2001) The relative roles of passive surface forces and active ion transport in the modulation of airway surface liquid volume and composition. J Gen Physiol 118:223–236
Tarran R, Trout L, Donaldson SH, Boucher RC (2006) Soluble mediators, not cilia, determine airway surface liquid volume in normal and cystic fibrosis superficial airway epithelia. J Gen Physiol 127:591–604
Taylor A, Windhager EE (1979) Possible role of cytosolic calcium and Na-Ca exchange in regulation of transepithelial sodium transport. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 236:F505–F512
Tekpli X, Huc L, Lacroix J, Rissel M, Poet M, Noel J, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Counillon L, Lagadic-Gossmann D (2008) Regulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 allosteric balance by its localization in cholesterol- and caveolin-rich membrane microdomains. J Cell Physiol 216:207–220
Thompson J, Begenisich T (2006) Membrane-delimited inhibition of maxi-K channel activity by the intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K channel. J Gen Physiol 127:159–169
Tilly BC, Edixhoven MJ, Tertoolen LGJ, Morii N, Saitoh Y, Narumiya S, deJonge HR (1996) Activation of the osmo-sensitive chloride conductance involves p21(rho) and is accompanied by a transient reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton. Mol Biol Cell 7:1419–1427
Tinel H, Kinne-Saffran E, Kinne RKH (2000) Calcium signalling during RVD of kidney cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 10:297–302
Tinel H, Kinne-Saffran E, Kinne RKH (2002) Calcium-induced calcium release participates in cell volume regulation of rabbit TALH cells. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 443:754–761
Toczylowska-Maminska R, Dolowy K (2012) Ion transporting proteins of human bronchial epithelium. J Cell Biochem 113:426–432
Tomassen SFB, Fekkes D, de Jonge HR, Tilly BC (2004) Osmotic swelling-provoked release of organic osmolytes in human intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Phys 286:C1417–C1422
Tormey JM, Diamond JM (1969) The ultrastructure route of fluid transport in rabbit gall bladder. J Gen Physiol 50:2031–2060
Tosteson DC, Hoffman JF (1960) Regulation of cell volume by active cation transport in high and low potassium sheep red cells. J Gen Physiol 44:169–194
Travaglini KJ, Krasnow MA (2018) Profile of an unknown airway cell. Nature 560:313–314
Tsai TT, Guttapalli A, Agrawal A, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV (2007) MEK/ERK signaling controls osmoregulation of nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc by transactivation of TonEBP/OREBP. J Bone Miner Res 22:965–974
Tsuchiya K, Wang W, Giebisch G, Welling PA (1992) ATP is a coupling modulator of parallel Na,K-ATPase-K-channel activity in the renal proximal tubule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:6418–6422
Uhlik MT, Abell AN, Johnson NL, Sun WY, Cuevas BD, Lobel-Rice KE, Horne EA, Dell’Acqua ML, Johnson GL (2003) Rac-MEKK3-MKK3 scaffolding for p38 MAPK activation during hyperosmotic shock. Nat Cell Biol 5:1104–1110
Urbach V, Van Kerkhove E, Maguire D, Harvey BJ (1996) Cross-talk between ATP-regulated K+ channels and Na+ transport via cellular metabolism in frog skin principal cells. J Physiol 491:99–109
Urbach V, Leguen I, O'Kelly I, Harvey BJ (1999) Mechanosensitive calcium entry and mobilization in renal A6 cells. J Membr Biol 168:29–37
Ussing HH (1960) Active and passive transport of the alkali metal ions. In: Ussing HH, Kruhøffer P, Thaysen JH, Thorn NA (eds) The alkali metal ions in biology. Springer, Berlin, pp 45–143
Ussing HH (1982) Volume regulation of frog skin epithelium. Acta Physiol Scand 114:363–369
Ussing HH (1985) Volume regulation and basolateral co-transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride ion in frog skin epithelium. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 405(Suppl 1):S2–S7
Ussing HH, Eskesen K (1989) Mechanism of isotonic water transport in glands. Acta Physiol Scand 136:443–454
Ussing HH, Nedergaard S (1993) Recycling of electrolytes in small intestine of toad. In: Ussing HH, Fischbarg J, Sten-Knudsen O, Larsen EH, Willumsen NJ (eds) Proc Alfred Benzon symposium 34 isotonic transport in leaky epithelia. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp 26–36
Ussing HH, Lind F, Larsen EH (1996) Ion secretion and isotonic transport in frog skin glands. J Membr Biol 152:101–110
Valverde MA, O’Brien JA, Sepúlveda FV, Ratcliff RA, Evans MJ, Colledge WH (1995) Impaired cell volume regulation in intestinal crypt epithelia of cystic fibrosis mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:9038–9041
Valverde MA, Vazquez E, Munoz FJ, Nobles M, Delaney SJ, Wainwright BJ, Colledge WH, Sheppard DN (2000) Murine CFTR channel and its role in regulatory volume decrease of small intestine crypts. Cell Physiol Biochem 10:321–328
van der Wijk T, Tomassen SFB, Houtsmuller AB, de Jonge HR, Tilly BC (2003) Increased vesicle recycling in response to osmotic cell swelling - cause and consequence of hypotonicity-provoked ATP release. J Biol Chem 278:40020–40025
van Heeswijk MPE, van Os CH (1986) Osmotic water permeabilities of brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles from rat renal cortex and small intestine. J Membr Biol 92:183–193
Vanoye CG, Reuss L (1999) Stretch-activated single K+ channels account for whole-cell currents elicited by swelling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:6511–6516
vanTol BL, Missan S, Crack J, Moser S, Baldridge WH, Linsdell P, Cowley EA (2007) Contribution of KCNQ1 to the regulatory volume decrease in the human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-7. Am Physiol Cell Physiol 293:C1010–C1019
Varela D, Simon F, Riveros A, Jorgensen F, Stutzin A (2004) NAD(P)H oxidase-derived H2O2 signals chloride channel activation in cell volume regulation and cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 279:13301–13304
Vazquez E, Nobles M, Valverde MA (2001) Defective regulatory volume decrease in human cystic fibrosis tracheal cells because of altered regulation of intermediate conductance Ca2+-dependent potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:5329–5334
Verissimo F, Jordan P (2001) WNK kinases, a novel protein kinase subfamily in multi-cellular organisms. Oncogene 20:5562–5569
Vinnakota S, Qian XJ, Egal H, Sarthy V, Sarkar HK (1997) Molecular characterization and in situ localization of a mouse retinal taurine transporter. J Neurochem 69:2238–2250
Vitari AC, Deak M, Morrice NA, Alessi DR (2005) The WNK1 and WNK4 protein kinases that are mutated in Gordon’s hypertension syndrome phosphorylate and activate SPAK and OSR1 protein kinases. Biochem J 391:17–24
Voets T, Droogmans G, Raskin G, Eggermont J, Nilius B (1999) Reduced intracellular ionic strength as the initial trigger for activation of endothelial volume-regulated anion channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:5298–5303
Voss FK, Ullrich F, Munch J, Lazarow K, Lutter D, Mah N, Andrade-Navarro MA, von Kries JP, Stauber T, Jentsch TJ (2014) Identification of LRRC8 heteromers as an essential component of the volume-regulated anion channel VRAC. Science 344:634–638
Vriens J, Watanabe H, Janssens A, Droogmans G, Voets T, Nilius B (2004) Cell swelling, heat, and chemical agonists use distinct pathways for the activation of the cation channel TRPV4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:396–401
Wakabayashi S, Shigekawa M, Pouyssegur J (1997) Molecular physiology of vertebrate Na+/H+ exchangers. Physiol Rev 77:51–74
Wang W-H, Giebisch G (2009) Regulation of potassium (K) handling in the renal collecting duct. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 458:157–168
Wang J, Morishima S, Okada Y (2003) IK channels are involved in the regulatory volume decrease in human epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 284:C77–C84
Wang GX, Dai YP, Bongalon S, Hatton WJ, Murray K, Hume JR, Yamboliev IA (2005) Hypotonic activation of volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channels (VSOACs) requires coordinated remodeling of subcortical and perinuclear actin filaments. J Membr Biol 208:15–26
Wangemann P, Liu J, Shen Z, Shipley A, Marcus DC (1995) Hypoosmotic challenge stimulates transepithelial K+ secretion and activates apical I-Sk channel in vestibular dark cells. J Membr Biol 147:263–273
Webb BA, White KA, Grillo-Hill BK, Schonichen A, Choi C, Barber DL (2016) A histidine cluster in the cytoplasmic domain of the Na-H exchanger NHE1 confers pH-sensitive phospholipid binding and regulates transporter activity. J Biol Chem 291:24096–24104
Wehner F (2006) Cell volume-regulated cation channels. Contr Nephr 152:25–53
Weinstein AM (2013) Sodium and chloride transport: proximal nephron. In: Alpern RJ, Moe OW, Caplan MJ (eds) Seldin and Giebisch’s the kidney. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1081–1141
Welling PA (1995) Cross-talk and role of KATP channels in the proximal tubule. Kidney Internat 48:1017–1023
Welling LW, Welling DJ (1988) Relationship between structure and function in renal proximal tubule. J Electr Microsc Techn 9:171–185
Welling LW, Evan AP, Welling DJ, Gattone VH III (1983a) Morphometric comparison of rabbit cortical connecting tubules and collecting ducts. Kidney Intern 23:358–367
Welling LW, Welling DJ, Ochs TJ (1983b) Video measurement of basolateral membrane hydraulic conductivity in the proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 245:F123–F129
Welsh MJ, McCann JD (1985) Intracellular calcium regulates basolateral potassium channels in a chloride-secreting epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82:8823–8826
Willumsen NJ, Boucher RC (1991) Sodium transport and intracellular sodium activity in cultured human nasal epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 261:C319–C331
Willumsen NJ, Larsen EH (1986) Membrane potentials and intracellular Cl− activity of toad skin epithelium in relation to activation and deactivation of the transepithelial Cl− conductance. J Membr Biol 94:173–190
Willumsen NJ, Davis CW, Boucher RC (1989) Intracellular Cl− activity and cellular Cl− pathways in cultured human airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 256:C1033–C1044
Willumsen NJ, Vestergaard L, Larsen EH (1992) Cyclic AMP-and β-agonist-activated chloride conductance of a toad skin epithelium. J Physiol 449:641–653
Willumsen NJ, Davis CW, Boucher RC (1994) Selective responce of human airway epithelia to luminal but nor serosal solution hypertonicity. Possible role for proximal airway epithelia as an osmolality transducer. J Clin Invest 94:779–787
Windhager EE, Whittembury G, Oken DE, Schatzmann HJ, Solomon AK (1959) Single proximal tubules of the Necturus kidney. III. Dependence of H2O movement on NaCl concentration. Am J Phys 197:313–318
Wittekindt OH, Dietl P (2018) Aquaporins in the lung. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 471(4):519–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-018-2232-y
Wong MMY, Foskett JK (1991) Oscillations of cytosolic sodium during calcium oscillations in exocrine acinar cells. Science 254:1014–1016
Worrell RT, Butt AG, Cliff WH, Frizzell RA (1989) Cell physiology - a volume-sensitive chloride conductance in human colonic cell-line T84. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 256:C1111–C1119
Wu MM, Civan MM (1991) Voltage dependence of current through the Na,K-exchange pump of Rana oocytes. J Membr Biol 121:23–36
Wu X, Yang H, Iserovich P, Fischbarg J, Reinach PS (1997) Regulatory volume decrease by SV40-transformed rabbit corneal epithelial cells requires ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. J Membr Biol 158:127–136
Xia W, Yu Q, Riederer B, Singh AK, Engelhardt R, Yeruva S, Song P, Tian D-A, Soleimani M, Seidler U (2014) The distinct roles of anion transporters Slc26a3 (DRA) and Slc26a6 (PAT-1) in fluid and electrolyte absorption in the murine small intestine. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 466:1541–1556
Yamamoto S, Ichishima K, Ehara T (2008) Regulation of volume-regulated outwardly rectifying anion channels by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in mouse ventricular cells. Biomed Res-Tokyo 29:307–315
Yang CL, Angell J, Mitchell R, Ellison DH (2003) WNK kinases regulate thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransport. J Clin Invest 111:1039–1045
Zadunaisky JA, Cardona S, Au L, Roberts DM, Fisher E, Lowenstein B, Cragoe EJ, Spring KR (1995) Chloride transport activation by plasma osmolarity during rapid adaptation to high salinity of Fundulus heteroclitus. J Membr Biol 143:207–217
Zhuo JL, Li XC (2013) Proximal nephron. Compr Physiol 3:1079–1123
Acknowledgments
Stine F Pedersen is acknowledged for suggestions to and critical reading of Sect. 11.7.3. Work in the authors’ laboratories is supported by grant CF17–0186 from the Carlsberg Foundation, the Natural Science Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation, and Brødrene Hartmann Foundation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The American Physiological Society
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Larsen, E.H., Hoffmann, E.K. (2020). Volume Regulation in Epithelia. In: Hamilton, K.L., Devor, D.C. (eds) Basic Epithelial Ion Transport Principles and Function. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52780-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52780-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-52779-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-52780-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)