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Toll-Like Receptor Pathway and Its Targeting in Treatment of Cancers

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Cancer Immunology

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Abstract

Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) play important roles in the regulation of immune responses. In particular, most of the studies have been centered on TLRs that play a pivotal role in tumor biology. TLR activation acts as a double-edged sword with both pro- and antitumor responses. Certain TLRs activate PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to tumor progression. In contrast, few TLRs are involved in targeting other pathways to inhibit tumor cell growth. Moreover, TLRs also regulate other pathways such as STATs, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α/β), which are involved in human cancer progression. Drug- and immune system-induced apoptosis of cancer are dependent on TLR function. Since TLR function varies according to the cancer type and the TLRs expressed, their signaling pathway should either be triggered or targeted to control cancer progression. Hence, more investigations are required to discover proper therapeutic approaches for cancer. Multiple trials have been designed recently to detect the therapeutic role of TLR agonist in addition to chemotherapy. Also, the role of TLR agonist as a vaccine adjuvant for different types of cancer has been explored.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Seyed Hossein Aalaei-Andabili

  2. Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Florida, USA

    Seyed Hossein Aalaei-Andabili

  3. Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Neda Amini

  4. Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Neda Amini

  5. Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Maryland, USA

    Neda Amini

  6. Interactive Research Education and Training Association (IRETA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Geneva, Switzerland

    Farnaz Delavari

  7. Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi

  8. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi

  9. Department of Molecular Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea

    Shaherin Basith & Sangdun Choi

  10. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

  11. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

  12. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

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  1. Seyed Hossein Aalaei-Andabili
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    Nima Rezaei

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Aalaei-Andabili, S.H. et al. (2021). Toll-Like Receptor Pathway and Its Targeting in Treatment of Cancers. In: Rezaei, N. (eds) Cancer Immunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50287-4_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50287-4_16

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-50286-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-50287-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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