Abstract
Laccases belong to the large family of multi-copper oxidases (MCOs) that couple the one-electron oxidation of substrates with the four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Because of their high relative non-specific oxidation capacity particularly on phenols and aromatic amines as well as the lack of requirement for expensive organic cofactors, they have found application in a large number of biotechnological fields. The vast majority of studies and applications were performed using fungal laccases, but bacterial laccases show interesting properties such as optimal temperature above 50 °C, optimal pH at the neutral to alkaline range, thermal and chemical stability and increased salt tolerance. Additionally, bacterial systems benefit from a wide range of molecular biology tools that facilitates their engineering and achievement of high yields of protein production and set-up of cost-effective bioprocesses. In this review we will provide up-to-date information on the distribution and putative physiological role of bacterial laccases and highlight their distinctive structural and biochemical properties, discuss the key role of copper in the biochemical properties, discuss thermostability determinants and, finally, review biotechnological applications with a focus on catalytic mechanisms on phenolics and aromatic amines.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the project grants PTDC/BBB-EBB/0122/2014, PTDC/BII-BBF/29564/2017, UID/Multi/04551/2013, UID/Multi/04326/2019 and UID/QUI/00100/2013 from FCT, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal, and Project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660 (Microbiologia Molecular, Estrutural e Celular), Research Unit GREEN-IT (Bioresources for Sustainability), UID/Multi/04551/2013, funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and FCT, Portugal, and by the European Union’s Horizon H2020 B-Ligzymes RISE project (GA 824017).
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Martins, L.O., Melo, E.P., Sanchez-Amat, A., Robalo, M.P. (2020). Bacterial Laccases: Some Recent Advances and Applications. In: Schlosser, D. (eds) Laccases in Bioremediation and Waste Valorisation. Microbiology Monographs, vol 33. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47906-0_2
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