Abstract
In this chapter, we will discuss the role of 14 non-transmembrane (NT) type protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs, encoded by the genes PTPN3, PTPN4, PTPN5, PTPN6, PTPN7, PTPN9, PTPN13, PTPN14, PTPN18, PTPN20, PTPN21, PTPN22, PTPN23, and PTPRR) in cancer. The presentation of NTPTPs includes a brief description of general features of the individual molecules in structure and activity regulation, as well as key facts about their physiological functions. Genetic or epigenetic alterations of NTPTP genes in cancer cells and, if available, the molecular consequences for the specific phenotypic effects are subsequently discussed. A role for defects of PTPN6, PTPN13, or PTPN23 function in certain tumor types has been established best. For other NTPTPs, indications for putative roles in cancer rest on gene mutations in cancer tissues, phenotypes of cell lines with altered NTPTP status, and known physiological functions, but need confirmation in future studies. Clearly, NTPTP effects on cancer phenotypes are dependent on the specific cell context. Roles of NTPTPs in the cancer microenvironment and for therapeutic responses to anti-cancer drugs are emerging. Functions of NTPTPs in immune cells, notably of PTPN6, might also allow therapeutic exploitation in the future.
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Hendriks, W.J.A.J., Böhmer, FD. (2016). Non-transmembrane PTPs in Cancer. In: Neel, B., Tonks, N. (eds) Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3649-6_3
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