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Fundamentals of Epithelial Cl− Transport

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Ion Channels and Transporters of Epithelia in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Physiology in Health and Disease ((PIHD))

Abstract

While epithelial solute transport predates recorded history, our understanding of epithelial function has risen from the most basic level only recently. This chapter provides a historical perspective of epithelial electrophysiology and an initial foundation for much of the information contained in this volume. Epithelial cell models are presented in their contemporary contexts to demonstrate the philosophical breakthroughs that they heralded along with the novel techniques that made them possible. The text touches on the roles that unique physiological systems such as eel gill, frog skin, rabbit intestine, and cultured cell lines have contributed to our understanding. Two examples of diseases associated with abnormal Cl− transport, cholera diarrhea and cystic fibrosis, are discussed, and underlying mechanisms that contribute to the pathology are identified. A hypothetical cell model with the minimal complement of transport proteins that are required for Cl− secretion (Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter, K+ channel, Cl− channel) along with their required localization to the mucosal (apical) or serosal (basolateral) membrane is presented. Selected examples of these transport mechanisms are presented and discussed in the light of their discoveries, biophysical characteristics, pharmacology, genetic identities, and their molecular partners. A recently published comprehensive cell model is presented as the climax of the chapter that sets the stage for distinct components that are presented in greater detail throughout this volume.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, 1620 Denison Avenue, 127 Coles Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Bruce D. Schultz

  2. Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S331 BST 3500 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Daniel C. Devor

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  1. Bruce D. Schultz
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  2. Daniel C. Devor
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Correspondence to Bruce D. Schultz or Daniel C. Devor .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Otago , Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand

    Kirk L. Hamilton

  2. Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Daniel C Devor

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Schultz, B.D., Devor, D.C. (2016). Fundamentals of Epithelial Cl− Transport. In: Hamilton, K., Devor, D. (eds) Ion Channels and Transporters of Epithelia in Health and Disease. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3366-2_1

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