Abstract
The fatty acid profiles of Antarctic (n = 7) and non-Antarctic yeasts (n = 7) grown at different temperatures were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The Antarctic yeasts were enriched in oleic 18:1 (20–60 %), linoleic 18:2 (20–50 %) and linolenic 18:3 (5–40 %) acids with lesser amounts of palmitic 16:0 (<15 %) and palmitoleic 16:1 (<10 %) acids. The non-Antarctic yeasts (n = 4) were enriched in 18:1 (20–55 %, with R. mucilaginosa at 75–80 %) and 18:2 (10–40 %) with lesser amounts of 16:0 (<20 %), 16:1 (<20 %) and stearic 18:0 (<10 %) acids. By contrast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (n = 3) were enriched in 16:1 (30–50 %) and 18:1 (20–40 %) with lesser amounts of 16:0 (10–25 %) and 18:0 (5–10 %) acids. Principal component analysis grouped the yeasts into three clusters, one belonging to the S. cerevisiae strains (enriched in 16:0, 16:1 and 18:1), one to the other non-Antarctic yeasts (enriched in 18:1 and 18:2) and the third to the Antarctic yeasts (enriched in 18:2 and 18:3).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Aguilera J, Randez-Gil F, Prieto JA (2007) Cold response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: new functions for old mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 31(3):327–341. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00066.x
Berg GR, Inniss WE, Heikkila JJ (1987) Stress proteins and thermotolerance in psychrotrophic yeasts from arctic environments. Can J Microbiol 33(5):383–389. doi:10.1139/m87-067
Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–917
Christie WW (2003) Lipid analysis: isolation, separation identification and structural analysis of lipids. The Oily Press, Bridgwater
Daum G, Lees ND, Bard M, Dickson R (1998) Biochemistry, cell biology and molecular biology of lipids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 14(16):1471–1510. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061
De Kroon AIPM, Rijken PJ, De Smet CH (2013) Checks and balances in membrane phospholipid class and acyl chain homeostasis, the yeast perspective. Prog Lipid Res 52(4):374–394. doi:10.1016/plipres.2013.04.006
Deegenaars M, Watson K (1997) Stress proteins and stress tolerance in an antarctic psychrophilic yeast, Candida psychrophila. FEMS Lett 51(2):191–196. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12569.x
Deegenaars M, Watson K (1998) Heat shock response in psychrophilic and psychrotrophic yeast from Antarctica. Extremophiles 2(1):41–49. doi:10.1007/s007920050041
Gaspar ML, Aregullin MA, Jesch SA, Nunez LR, Villa-Garcia M, Henry SA (2007) The emergence of yeast lipidomics. Biochim Biophys Acta 1771(3):241–254. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.06.011
Guffogg SP, Thomas-Hall S, Holloway P, Watson K (2004) A novel psychrotolerant member of the hymenomycetous yeasts from Antarctica: Cryptococcus watticus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54(1):275–277. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02877-0
Julseth CR, Inniss WE (1990) Heat shock protein induction and the acquisition of thermotolerance in the psychrotrophic yeast Trichosporon pullulans. Curr Microbiol 20(6):391–396. doi:10.1007/BF02095866
Martin CE, Oh CS, Jiang Y (2007) Regulation of long chain unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta 1771(3):271–285. doi:10.1016/j.j.bbalip.2006.06.010
McMurrough I, Rose AH (1973) Effects of temperature variation on fatty acid composition of a psychrophilic Candida species. J Bacteriol 114(1):451–452
Morton H, Watson K, Streamer M (1978) Temperature characteristics of [14C]-glucose uptake in psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic Torulopsis species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 4(5):291–294. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1978.tb02882.x
Murata N, Wade H (1995) Acyl lipid desaturases and their importance in the tolerance and acclimatization to cold of cyanobacteria. Biochem J 308(1):1–8
Parks LW, Casey WM (1995) Physiological implications of sterol biosynthesis in yeast. Ann Rev Microbiol 49:95–116. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.000523
Peltroche-Llacsahuanga H, Schimidt S, Seibold M, Lütticken R, Perrier HG (2000) Differentiation between Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans by fatty acid methyl ester analysis using gas–liquid chromatography. J Clin Microbiol 38(10):3696–3704
Perrier V, Dubreucq E (1995) Fatty acid and carotenoid composition of Rhodotorula strains. Arch Microbiol 164(3):173–179. doi:10.1007/BF02529968
Ratledge C, Evans CT (1989) Lipids and their metabolism. In: Rose AH, Harrison JS (eds) The yeasts, vol 3. Academic Press, London, pp 367–455
Rattray JBM (1988) Microbial lipids. Academic Press, London
Rossi M, Buzzini P, Cordisco L, Amaretti A, Sala M, Raimondi S, Ponzoni C, Pagnoni UM, Matteuzzi D (2009) Growth, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid composition in obligate psychrophilic, facultative psychrophilic, and mesophilic yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 69(3):363–372. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00727.x
Saldanha-da-Gama A, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Loureiro V (1997) Characterization of yeasts associated with Portuguese pork-based products. Int J Food Microbiol 37(2–3):201–207. doi:10.1016/S0168-1605(97)00078-0
Sharma SC (2006) Implications of sterol structure for membrane lipid composition, fluidity and phospholipid asymmetry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 6(7):1047–1051. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00149.x
Sinensky M (1974) Homeoviscous adaptation: a homeostatic process that regulates the viscosity of membrane lipids in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71(2):522–525
Tanghe A, Prior B, Thevelein JM (2006) Yeast responses to stresses. In: Rosa CA, Peter G (eds) Biodiversity and ecophysiology of yeasts. Springer, Berlin, pp 175–195
Thomas-Hall S, Watson K (2002) Cryptococcus nyarrowii sp. nov., a basidimycetous yeast from Antarctica. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52(3):1033–1038. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.01940-0
Vishniac HS, Kurtzman CP (1992) Cryptococcus antarcticus sp. nov. and Cryptococcus albidosimilis sp. nov., basidioblastomycetes from antarctic soils. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42(4):547–553
Watson K (1987) Temperature relations. In: Rose AH, Harrison JS (eds) The yeasts, vol 2. Academic Press, London, pp 41–71
Watson K, Arthur H (1976) Leucosporidium yeasts: obligate psychrophiles which alter membrane–lipid and cytochrome composition with temperature. J Gen Microbiol 97(1):11–18. doi:10.1099/00221287-97-1-11
Zlatanov M, Pavlova K, Grigorova D (2001) Lipid composition of some yeast strains from Livingston island Antarctica. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 46(5):402–406. doi:10.1007/BF02814429
Acknowledgments
The work was supported by internal research Grants from the University of New England and a postgraduate scholarship to MB.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhuiyan, M., Tucker, D. & Watson, K. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of fatty acid profiles of Antarctic and non-Antarctic yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 106, 381–389 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0183-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0183-7