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Mismatch negativity-like potential (MMN-like) in the subthalamic nuclei in Parkinson’s disease patients

  • Neurology and Preclinical Neurological Studies - Original Article
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Abstract

An infrequent change to an otherwise repetitive sequence of stimuli leads to the generation of mismatch negativity (MMN), even in the absence of attention. This evoked negative response occurs in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) over the temporal and frontal cortices, 100–250 ms after onset of the deviant stimulus. The MMN is used to detect sensory information processing. The aim of our study was to investigate whether MMN can be recorded in the subthalamic nuclei (STN) as evidence of auditory information processing on an unconscious level within this structure. To our knowledge, MMN has never been recorded in the human STN. We recorded intracerebral EEG using a MMN paradigm in five patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who were implanted with depth electrodes in the subthalamic nuclei (STN). We found far-field MMN when intracerebral contacts were connected to an extracranial reference electrode. In all five PD patients (and nine of ten intracerebral electrodes), we also found near-field MMN-like potentials when intracerebral contacts were referenced to one another, and in some electrodes, we observed phase reversals in these potentials. The mean time-to-peak latency of the intracerebral MMN-like potentials was 214 ± 38 ms (median 219 ms). We reveal MMN-like potentials in bilateral STN. This finding provides evidence that STN receives sensory (auditory) information from other structures. The question for further research is whether STN receives such signals through a previously described hyperdirect pathway between STN and frontal cortex (a known generator of the MMN potential) and if the STN contributes to sensorimotor integration.

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Abbreviations

DBS:

Deep brain stimulation

EEG:

Electroencephalography

ERPs:

Event related potentials

IFC:

Inferior frontal cortex

MMN:

Mismatch negativity

MMN-like:

Mismatch negativity-like potential

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

P3:

P300 wave

SD:

Standard deviation

STN:

Subthalamic nucleus

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank our colleagues Marie Kopíčková, Ing. Pavel Daniel, Ing. Radek Mareček, Anna Hlučková, Dr. Marek Baláž, Ph.D., Mgr. Zuzana Hummelová and Dr. Martina Bočková, Ph.D. from the First Department of Neurology, and Ing. Ivo Říha from Department of Neurosurgery of St. Anne’s Hospital in Brno for their cooperation, remarks, and assistance. MRI, CT, X-ray image documentation are published with the consent of the Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s Hospital in Brno. We thank the Head of this department—Dr. Jiří Vaníček, PhD. We thank Dr. Alexandra Minksová for her help with editing the data and text, and above all for creating the conditions for writing this article. Finally, we thank the unnamed Reviewers for their important comments, which significantly improved our work. This study was supported by the project “CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology” (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068) from the European Regional Development Fund and by the Czech Ministry of Education Research Program MSM 0021622404. This work was partially supported by grant P103/11/0933 of the Grant Agency of the CR and EC and MEYS CR (project No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0017). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest and the authors have nothing to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University–CEITEC MU, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jan Chládek, Jan Chrastina, Daniel J. Shaw & Martin Bareš

  2. First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic

    Eduard Minks & Martin Bareš

  3. Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic

    Pavel Jurák, Jan Chládek & Josef Halámek

  4. ICRC–International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic

    Pavel Jurák & Josef Halámek

  5. Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jan Chrastina

  6. Multi-modal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University–CEITEC MU, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jan Chrastina

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  1. Eduard Minks
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  2. Pavel Jurák
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  3. Jan Chládek
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Correspondence to Martin Bareš.

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Minks, E., Jurák, P., Chládek, J. et al. Mismatch negativity-like potential (MMN-like) in the subthalamic nuclei in Parkinson’s disease patients. J Neural Transm 121, 1507–1522 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1221-3

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