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Impact of early food input on the Arctic benthos activities during the polar night

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Abstract

In Arctic areas where benthic primary production does not occur or is not sufficient, the benthos depends on episodic events of food inputs from overlying waters, in particular spring ice algal and phytoplankton blooms. Climate change is expected to lead to earlier ice melts and subsequently to earlier spring blooms and food inputs to the benthos. The goal of the present study was to characterize benthic community structure and activities during the polar night in Rijpfjorden, a high Arctic fjord from Svalbard, and to assess experimentally how earlier climate-induced food inputs can impact these benthic activities. Two concentrations of freeze-dried phytoplankton were added to intact sediment cores, while additional control cores did not receive food addition. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD), nutrient fluxes, bioturbation coefficients (as indicator of benthic activities) and contents of organic matter and pigments in sediments were measured at the beginning of the experiment and 9 days after the addition. In the initial polar night conditions, SOD was ~4.2 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, bioturbation coefficients were null for biodiffusion and 1.08 y−1 for bioadvection, and benthic biomass was 1.36 g 0.1 m−2. In the cores with food addition, the phytoplankton added was quickly consumed, and after 9 days, SOD and bioturbation were higher in the food treatments compared with the control cores, both being higher with higher food concentration. This study documented a clear and quick response in benthic activities following the food input, suggesting that in winter/early spring, Arctic benthos may depend on early food inputs for its activities. Climate-induced changes in food supply to the seafloor could have drastic consequences for the benthic ecosystem functioning.

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Acknowledgments

The authors especially want to thank the chief scientist, S. Falk-Petersen, the co-chief scientist, E. Halvorsen and the crew of the R/V Helmer Hanssen. Thank you to R. Corvaisier, P. Lamy, M. Legoff and A. Masson-Stroesser for their help during nutrient, carbon, pigment and luminophore analyses, and to E. Bailey for advice on the experimental design. This study was made possible by funding from the “Agence Nationale de Recherche” (11 PDOC 018 01 to NM), the “Labex Mer” (ICAR to NM), the “Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique” and the University of Tromsø (the polar night cruise to SFP). MWK was supported by the Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences. This work is a contribution to the ANR-ECOTAB and ICAR projects, the Polar Night Cruise project and to the Arctos Network.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LEMAR CNRS UMR 6539, University of Western Brittany, Rue Dumont D’Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Nathalie Morata & Emma Michaud

  2. Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Science, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland

    Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk

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  1. Nathalie Morata
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  2. Emma Michaud
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  3. Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk
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Correspondence to Nathalie Morata.

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This article belongs to the special Polar Night issue, coordinated by Ole Jørgen Lønne.

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Morata, N., Michaud, E. & Włodarska-Kowalczuk, M. Impact of early food input on the Arctic benthos activities during the polar night. Polar Biol 38, 99–114 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1414-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1414-5

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