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Imaging the Tumor Microenvironment

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Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Cancer Progression and Cancer Therapy

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1036))

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment consists of tumor, stromal, and immune cells, as well as extracellular milieu. Changes in numbers of these cell types and their environments have an impact on cancer growth and metastasis. Non-invasive imaging of aspects of the tumor microenvironment can provide important information on the aggressiveness of the cancer, whether or not it is metastatic, and can also help to determine early response to treatment. This chapter provides an overview on non-invasive in vivo imaging in humans and mouse models of various cell types and physiological parameters that are unique to the tumor microenvironment. Current clinical imaging and research investigation are in the areas of nuclear imaging (positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical (near infrared (NIR) fluorescence) imaging. Aspects of the tumor microenvironment that have been imaged by PET, MRI and/or optical imaging are tumor associated inflammation (primarily macrophages and T cells), hypoxia, pH changes, as well as enzymes and integrins that are highly prevalent in tumors, stroma and immune cells. Many imaging agents and strategies are currently available for cancer patients; however, the investigation of novel avenues for targeting aspects of the tumor microenvironment in pre-clinical models of cancer provides the cancer researcher with a means to monitor changes and evaluate novel treatments that can be translated into the clinic.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA214018 (CJA) and R21 EB023364 (WBE)), University of Pittsburgh Physicians (UPP) Academic Foundation Award (WBE) and Department of Energy and National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (DE-SC0008833; for MCZA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Marie-Caline Z. Abadjian & Carolyn J. Anderson

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    W. Barry Edwards & Carolyn J. Anderson

  3. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    W. Barry Edwards & Carolyn J. Anderson

  4. Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Carolyn J. Anderson

Authors
  1. Marie-Caline Z. Abadjian
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  2. W. Barry Edwards
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  3. Carolyn J. Anderson
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Correspondence to Carolyn J. Anderson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA

    Pawel Kalinski

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Abadjian, MC.Z., Edwards, W.B., Anderson, C.J. (2017). Imaging the Tumor Microenvironment. In: Kalinski, P. (eds) Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Cancer Progression and Cancer Therapy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1036. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_15

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