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Microbial Nitric Oxide, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrous Acid Emissions from Drylands

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Dryland Ecohydrology

Abstract

Reactive nitrogen compounds (Nr, which include NOx (i.e., NO+NO2), N2O, ammonia, and HONO) have a large impact on atmospheric chemical composition and, thus, on climate. Nitric oxide (NO) is a chemically reactive trace gas that reacts with ozone (O3) to form NO2 (Crutzen 1979). The formation of O3 depends on a sensitive relationship between NOx (NO+NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) (Sillman et al. 1990). Thus, even trace levels of NOx can activate O3 production. O3 itself can enrich the troposphere and as a short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) can affect the climate (Shoemaker et al. 2013). Nitrous oxide (N2O) is among the most important greenhouse gases, together with H2O, CO2, and CH4. N2O has a relatively long lifetime, is enriched in the troposphere, and impacts the earth’s radiative balance (Ciais et al. 2013). When N2O enters the stratosphere, it reacts with O3 to NO, thereby depleting the ozone layer (Crutzen 1979).

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Acknowledgments

The authors want to express their gratitude to Franz X. Meixner for his great expertise on chamber design and the transfer of knowledge of several decades’ and fruitful discussions about dynamic chamber measurements and soil incubations. Many thanks also to Christiane Wilkinson Runyan for her valuable comments and her help in editing this chapter. The work has been funded by the Max Planck Society, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) CRC 1076 “AquaDiva,” and the research unit “DFG-FOR 2337: Denitrification in Agricultural Soils—Integrated Control and Modeling at Various Scales (DASIM).”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

    Thomas Behrendt

  2. Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer, Israel

    Nurit Agam

  3. Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Marcus A. Horn

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Correspondence to Thomas Behrendt .

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  1. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Paolo D'Odorico

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Amilcare Porporato

  3. Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA

    Christiane Wilkinson Runyan

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Behrendt, T., Agam, N., Horn, M.A. (2019). Microbial Nitric Oxide, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrous Acid Emissions from Drylands. In: D'Odorico, P., Porporato, A., Wilkinson Runyan, C. (eds) Dryland Ecohydrology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23269-6_13

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