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Identification of quantitative trait loci linked to Ceratocystis wilt resistance in cacao

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Abstract

Ceratocystis wilt (CW) in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), caused by Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, is a drastic disease that results in plant death. The pathogen was recently identified in the major cacao-producing region of Brazil–Bahia. The identification of genetic markers tightly linked to disease resistance loci is a valuable tool for the development of resistant cultivars using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Branches of 143 six-year-old individuals of an F2 Sca 6 × ICS 1 population were wounded by making a 3-mm deep cut with a sterile scalpel, and inoculated with a 20-μl drop of a spore suspension of 3 × 104 CFU/ml. The inoculation method used allowed the population to be quantitatively phenotyped. The length of the xylem discoloration followed a continuous distribution. These results imply that the resistance was quantitatively inherited. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis revealed two genomic regions (in linkage groups 3 and 9) associated with CW resistance. The QTL explained individually from 6.9 to 8.6 % of the phenotypic variation. The QTL identified are crucial for identifying genes for resistance and can be applied in the genetic breeding of cacao using MAS.

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Acknowledgments

The present study was carried out in the Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory (FITOMOL) of the Cacao Research Center, CEPLAC, Bahia, Brazil. We thank Virginia O. Damaceno, Dilze Argolo and many volunteers and project members for the field inoculation and data collection, and Dr. Claudia Fortes Ferreira from EMBRAPA for reviewing this manuscript. This research was also supported by the Brazilian Research Support Agency of Bahia-FAPESB (Research Project No.8572/2007), the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Français (MAE) and the Cacao Research Center. Rogério M. F. Santos (PhD student) was granted by the Brazilian agency of Bahia–FAPESB (Grant no. BOL1533/2010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cacao Research Center, CEPLAC/CEPEC, Itabuna, BA, 45600-970, Brazil

    Rogério M. F. Santos, Uilson V. Lopes, Stela D. V. M. Silva, Didier Clement & Karina P. Gramacho

  2. UESC, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna Km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil

    Rogério M. F. Santos & Fabienne Micheli

  3. CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis TA 96/03, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Fabienne Micheli & Didier Clement

Authors
  1. Rogério M. F. Santos
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  2. Uilson V. Lopes
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  3. Stela D. V. M. Silva
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  4. Fabienne Micheli
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  5. Didier Clement
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  6. Karina P. Gramacho
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karina P. Gramacho.

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Santos, R.M.F., Lopes, U.V., Silva, S.D.V.M. et al. Identification of quantitative trait loci linked to Ceratocystis wilt resistance in cacao. Mol Breeding 30, 1563–1571 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-012-9739-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-012-9739-2

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